Category: BSN

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Ethical Principles Healthcare professionals, in any role within the field, must use ethical principles and values as the foundation for their clinical decisions. These principles include autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, non-maleficence, fairness, and justice. In this assessment, an ethical case study is analyzed, and a possible solution is proposed using an ethical decision-making model. This assessment will help us understand the moral values of healthcare and prepare a ground for further moral decision-making.  Overview of the Case Study The case study is about a patient, Mr Alex Turner, 35 years old, who has been suffering from depression and anxiety for about six months. He is under the care of a clinical psychologist, Dr. Laura Simmons. Alex and Dr. Simmons have had a trustworthy relationship where the healthcare professional has always encouraged open communication. Because of this encouragement, Alex openly and honestly shares his deepest thoughts with Dr. Simmons. In one fine session, Alex shared his comprehensive plans and thoughts of harming his colleague with whom he has several personal and professional divergences.  Facts of the Case Study  This situation has led Dr. Simmons to encounter an ethical dilemma between patient confidentiality and beneficence/non-maleficence as crucial ethical principles in healthcare ethics. Confidentiality, critical to the patient-provider relationship, requires her to keep Alex’s thoughts private without sharing them with others. At the same time, beneficence/non-maleficence compels her to prevent harm to Alex and the people surrounding him. This circumstance is not only affecting the doctor but has a significant impact on Alex and his colleague, who is unaware of Alex’s plans. Along with the dispute between confidentiality and beneficence, the lack of appropriate guidelines for revealing information makes it difficult for psychologists and other healthcare professionals to decide when and how to disclose confidential information. An integrative review by Conlon et al. (2019) supports this analysis by presenting that disclosing patients’ confidential information is essential when a risk of harm is being assessed to protect patients and the people around them. This risk can be for self-harm or homicidal. However, an appropriate method of information disclosure is required to avoid violating the principle of confidentiality. Another literature review mentions that psychologists or mental health practitioners face several challenges related to the sharing of information when they foresee a risk of violence. In such situations, understating the risk behaviors and making appropriate adjustments in mental health practices can assist professionals in combating the challenges. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles Nevertheless, the primary goal should be preventing harm and protecting the client and their surroundings (Brooks, 2021). These peer-reviewed journal articles are credible and relevant as they are published in authorized journals, and the authors of the articles are well-versed in the mental health domain. The articles briefly present the study’s claims and limitations while mentioning the requirements for future studies. It is relevant because the articles are about the disclosure of confidential information and how sharing of information by mental health professionals is vital to protect the risk of violence, which is directly related to our case study. Thus, these sources can be used to develop a solution for Alex and Dr. Simmons’ case study.   Effective Communication Approach Used in the Case Study The communication approaches in the case study are open and honest communication and active listening. Dr. Simmons has developed a therapeutic relationship with her patient using open and honest communication. This method of communication is effective in building rapport with the patients and gaining their trust. A study uncovered that communication in an effective way is essential for building trust and delivering patient-centered care (Asan et al., 2021). In the case study, Alex was encouraged to discuss his thoughts on homicide through open, direct, and honest communication. Another effective communication approach is active listening. Dr. Simmons actively listens to Alex, demonstrating empathy and understanding. Ricks and Brannon (2023) emphasize that active listening is a ground skill that assists mental health practitioners in building effective relationships with patients and engaging them in conversation. This approach enables patients to share their feelings, thoughts, and experiences with the providers and gives providers a sense of understanding and paraphrasing their client’s messages. Similarly, in the case study, Dr. Simmons’ enthusiastic listening to Alex made him feel valued and invigorated him to continue sharing his thoughts about harming his colleague. In contrast, communication approaches that should be avoided are dismissing the patient’s thoughts. This act from healthcare providers makes patients feel invalidated and disregards their feelings and autonomy. Other approaches that should be avoided are being judgmental of their feelings and expressing personal opinions. Therapists should focus on providing support through research-based evidence and guidance rather than expressing their personal views. Ethical Decision-Making Model and Case Study In the case study, the actions undertaken by Dr. Simmons demonstrate her approach to effective communication and ethical decision-making. The possible approach used by Dr. Simmons is based on three components of the ethical decision-making model: moral awareness (identifying the concern), moral judgment (gathering information), and ethical behavior (ethically sound solution). Initially, she recognized the ruthlessness of her patient’s homicidal thoughts and considered it an ethical dilemma because of a conflict between patient confidentiality and beneficence/non-maleficence. In the second step, she established a therapeutic relationship with the client using an open and honest communication approach to gather maximum information about the patient’s feelings and ideation. Furthermore, her possible actions would be considering alternatives for the patient to ease his homicidal thoughts, such as involving crisis intervention services, family involvement, or directly informing Alex’s colleague. She would perform a risk-benefit analysis considering the consequences of each action and accordingly make a decision. Such a decision can prioritize the principle of non-maleficence and prevent potential harm to the patient as his colleague. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles As per her decision, she will implement an ethically sound action to resolve the dilemma and maintain her relationship

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Library Research Skills Medication errors are significant healthcare problems that severely affect patients and healthcare organizations. Medication errors are preventable events impacting patient safety due to the healthcare workforce’s wrong or inappropriate medication administration (Tariq & Scherbak, 2023). Medication errors can be due to wrong medication, wrong administration, or wrong patient, ultimately causing patient health complications and reduced patient safety. In America, medication errors account for 50,000 to 100,000 mortalities every year, making it the third major cause of death, showing its grave relevance to professional practice (Dehvan et al., 2021).  In my nursing practices, I encountered several medication errors personally and watched my colleagues experience them. One particular medication error that I experienced was due to the wrong administration of a drug. The physician prescribed metoprolol on a paper-based prescription to treat a patient with high blood pressure. However, I administered metoclopramide due to juggling multiple tasks and needing a better understanding of hand-written prescriptions. This led to the onset of muscle stiffness and involuntary movements of the face and tongue in patients depicting tardive dyskinesia, a potential side effect of metoclopramide. I quickly called the physician and told them about the patient’s condition and the medication I administered, revealing that I made a medication error and appropriate measures were taken immediately to improve the patient’s health condition.  Delving into research-based studies and applying research skills to healthcare practices to prevent such medication errors is vital. This assessment will discuss evidence-based review articles highlighting patient safety by minimizing medication errors through effective interventions. Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles To conduct thorough research on medication errors and ways to prevent them, I used several databases such as Capella University Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Using filters and advanced search options, I used multiple keywords to gather a pool of evidence-based and peer-reviewed journal articles. The keywords mainly used were “medication errors,” “adverse drug events,” “medication reconciliation,” “safe medication administration,” and “patient safety.” From a plethora of research, I identified four academic peer-reviewed journal articles specifically relevant to medication errors and their prevention. Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources To evaluate the authenticity and relevance of research-based resources, I applied the CRAAP criteria. The CRAAP criteria is an evidence-based tool to evaluate the credibility and relevancy of research articles. It stands for Currency, Relevance, Accuracy, Authority, and Purpose. It allows researchers to apply authentic studies on a problem under study (Muis et al., 2022). The selected articles are up to date and published within the last five years. Moreover, the peer-reviewed journal articles are relevant as they contain information and research on medication errors, particularly prevention methods. Furthermore, the research-based resources provide accurate conclusions. Additionally, the authors provide valuable knowledge on medication errors with medical background and expertise. Lastly, these articles aim to decrease medication errors while enhancing patient safety  (Muis et al., 2022). Annotated Bibliography Roumeliotis, N., Sniderman, J., Adams-Webber, T., Addo, N., Anand, V., Rochon, P., Taddio, A., & Parshuram, C. (2019). Effect of electronic prescribing strategies on medication error and harm in hospital: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 34(10), 2210–2223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05236-8    This review article analyzes the impact of electronic prescribing strategies such as Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDDS) and Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE). The authors reviewed e-prescribing interventions systematically and evaluated their impact on medication errors and patient health outcomes. Various databases, including MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and EMBASE, were searched, and data were extracted using CPOE and CDDS. The results showed that e-prescribing strategies diminished medication errors and dosing errors. The rationale for including this article is based on the results that align with our goals of reducing medication errors in healthcare systems. Considering the results, healthcare organizations can implement the e-prescribing strategy to prevent drug errors due to dosing or prescription.  Owens, K., Palmore, M., Penoyer, D., & Viers, P. (2020). The effect of implementing bar-code medication administration in an emergency department on medication administration errors and nursing satisfaction. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 46(6), 884–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.07.004  NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills This journal article aims to find the efficacy of Barcode Medication Administration technology (BCMA) on administration errors of medicines and nursing satisfaction. The researchers conducted a before- and after study in a local healthcare emergency department. The medication error rates were directly observed pre-and post-implementation of BCMA technology. Likewise, nursing satisfaction was assessed via a survey before and one month after BCMA integration. The results found that medication administration errors were reduced from 2.96% to 0.76%, enhancing nursing job satisfaction. The rationale for choosing this article is that it highlights the importance of integrating BCMA into healthcare systems to prevent medication administration errors by nurses, ultimately enhancing job satisfaction among nurses. Rozenblum, R., Rodriguez-Monguio, R., Volk, L. A., Forsythe, K. J., Myers, S., McGurrin, M., Williams, D. H., Bates, D. W., Schiff, G., & Seoane-Vazquez, E. (2020). Using a machine learning system to identify and prevent medication prescribing errors: A clinical and cost analysis evaluation. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 46(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2019.09.008  In this journal article, the authors researched utilizing a machine learning system to find and avoid medication prescribing errors. Moreover, the article aims to evaluate clinical practices and cost repercussions after using this technology-based system. The authors used MedAware, which worked on algorithms developed for identifying and preventing errors. The software showed 79.7 % of chart-reviewed alerts, of which 45% were clinically significant and prevented the onset of medication errors. The costs declined due to preventing medication errors, which were more significant than $60 per drug alert. This showed that machine learning systems have fruitful results in obtaining clinically valid medication error notifications, which traditional clinical decision support systems often miss. The reason to selected this article is because this strategy can identify medication errors beforehand and prevent them from taking place. Ultimately,

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Pledge of Academic Honesty Commitment to Personal Integrity I affirm that all academic work submitted for this course and any others I undertake will be solely my original creation. I pledge that all assignments will reflect my unique ideas and efforts. Any use of external sources will be explicitly acknowledged through appropriate citations, paraphrasing, or summarizing in alignment with academic standards. All written content will remain authentic unless otherwise cited. Understanding of Peer Contributions I acknowledge that using any portion of a peer’s discussion post without proper acknowledgment is a violation of academic honesty. Similarly, making minor changes to another’s work without sufficient rephrasing also constitutes an act of academic deceit. Guidelines for Academic Work Responsibility to Uphold Integrity I pledge to promptly report any instance where another student misrepresents my work or that of others to my instructor. Upholding academic standards is a collective responsibility for all Capella University students. Citing and Paraphrasing Practices I will ensure accurate citation and proper use of APA formatting when quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing sources. Direct quotations will be enclosed in quotation marks and contextualized within the assignment, while paraphrased content will use unique vocabulary and sentence structure to maintain originality. Utilization of Academic Integrity Resources To enhance my understanding of academic integrity, I will thoroughly review resources such as: Academic Honesty & APA Style and Organization University Policy 3.01.01: Academic Integrity and Honesty [PDF] Upholding Academic Integrity Preventing Plagiarism Consequences of Violating Academic Standards Consequences for Academic Dishonesty I understand that plagiarism or any violation of academic integrity policies is a severe breach of Capella University’s regulations. In the event of a violation: My instructor will contact me to discuss the alleged infraction. I will be given an opportunity to respond to the accusation. Consequences may include receiving a zero for the assignment, failing the course, and other penalties as deemed necessary. The violation will be reported to Capella University following the appropriate procedures. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty Confirmation and Acknowledgment By signing below, I confirm my understanding of and commitment to these guidelines, which align with Capella University’s academic policies. I will seek clarification from my instructor for any questions or concerns regarding this pledge before providing my signature. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty