Category: DNP

NURS FPX 8030 Assessment 2 Evidenced-Based Literature Search and Organization Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8030 Evidence-Based Practice Process for the Nursing Doctoral Learner Prof. Name Date Patient Safety Issue, PICO(T) Question and Evidence Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) pose a threat to patients’ safety at the Memorial Regional Hospital especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The incidence rates Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) and other HAIs have been on the rise, resulting in higher mortality, morbidities and increased health care costs. Internal data from Memorial Regional Hospital reveals CLABSI and CAUTI rates of 0.553 and 0.926 per 1,000 device days, respectively, in 2023, which exceed national benchmarks (Leapfrog, 2024). The HAIs compromise patient safety, prolong recovery, and strain hospital resources, necessitating immediate intervention to reduce their incidence. Gaps in infection control practices, identified through staff interviews and internal data, contribute to the prevalence of HAIs in ICUs. External evidence supports the urgency for change. Peters et al. (2022) highlight the importance of hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, antimicrobial stewardship, and staff education in preventing HAIs. CDC (2024) reports that one in 31 hospitalized patients acquire an HAI annually, resulting in over 72,000 deaths. The findings stress the need for multifaceted, evidence-based strategies to reduce HAIs and improve patient safety at Memorial Regional Hospital. The PICOT Question In ICU patients at Memorial Regional Hospital (P), how does the implementation of hand hygiene protocol (I), as compared to current practices (C), affect the rate of HAIs (O) over 12 weeks (T)? Best Evidence Search Strategy Establishing an efficient approach to developing the search terms is crucial to finding the most relevant evidence for the PICOT question about Memorial Regional Hospital and ICU patients and the impact of a comprehensive hand hygiene protocol on the rates of HAIs. In identifying the main components of the PICOT question, ICU patients are the population of interest, and a hand hygiene protocol and antimicrobial stewardship are the interventions of choice compared to the current practice in reducing HAIs and enhancing patient safety (Akkoc et al., 2021). PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases were used, since these are rich sources of medical, nursing, and clinical research articles (Kuti et al., 2021). Such an approach guarantees access to the most relevant evidence for implementing such interventions in the ICU. The PRISMA flowchart is presented in the Appendix to outline the process of study identification and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Databases and Keywords Selecting appropriate databases and keywords is critical for conducting an effective search to gather the best evidence on the impact of a hand hygiene protocol and antimicrobial stewardship on HAIs in ICU patients. Databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were utilized for their extensive collections of high-quality clinical and nursing research (Kuti et al., 2021). Key search terms included “hand hygiene,” “Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs),” and “infection prevention.” Boolean operators like AND, OR, and NOT optimized the search by refining and expanding it to identify relevant studies that could guide quality improvement initiatives. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria The selection criteria involved articles in English published after 2019 that compared the effects of hand hygiene and antimicrobial stewardship on HAIs in ICU patient populations. The inclusion criteria included studies with samples of ICU patients, reported at least one of the PICOT question’s outcomes, such as CLABSI and CAUTI rates, and contained evidence-based interventions. Studies performed outside the ICU were excluded, and studies with pediatric patients and those addressing other types of interventions other than hand hygiene were excluded (Raoofi et al., 2023). According to these criteria and to ensure the quality of the articles selected, the authors screened and included 12 articles in the review. Only articles directly relevant to the issue were included in the review, thus proving the effectiveness of targeted interventions in decreasing HAIs and increasing patient safety (Raoofi et al., 2023). A total of 12 studies were retained as they provided information on the applicability of interventions in ICUs, which closely matched addressing HAIs at Memorial Regional Hospital. References Akkoc, G., Soysal, A., Gul, F., Kepenekli Kadayifci, E., Arslantas, M. K., Yakut, N., Bilgili, B., Ocal Demir, S., Haliloglu, M., Kasapoglu, U., & Cinel, I. (2021). Reduction of nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit using an electronic hand hygiene compliance monitoring system. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(12), 1923–1928. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14156  CDC. (2024). HAIs: Reports and data. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/data/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/hai/data/portal/index.html Kuti, B. P., Ogunlesi, T. A., Oduwole, O., Oringanje, C., Udoh, E. E., & Meremikwu, M. M. (2021). Hand hygiene for the prevention of infections in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 21(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd013326.pub3  NURS FPX 8030 Assessment 2 Evidenced-Based Literature Search and Organization Leapfrog. (2024). Hospital details table. Hospitalsafetygrade.org. https://www.hospitalsafetygrade.org/table-details/memorial-regional-hospital Peters, A., Schmid, M. N., Parneix, P., Lebowitz, D., de Kraker, M., Sauser, J., Zingg, W., & Pittet, D. (2022). Impact of environmental hygiene interventions on healthcare-associated infections and patient colonization: A systematic review. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01075-1  Raoofi, S., Pashazadeh Kan, F., Rafiei, S., Hosseinipalangi, Z., Noorani Mejareh, Z., Khani, S., Abdollahi, B., Seyghalani Talab, F., Sanaei, M., Zarabi, F., Dolati, Y., Ahmadi, N., Raoofi, N., Sarhadi, Y., Masoumi, M., sadat Hosseini, B., Vali, N., Gholamali, N., Asadi, S., & Ahmadi, S. (2023). Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Library of Science, 18(1), e0274248. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274248 Appendix Identification of Studies Via Databases and Registers Search Strategy Selecting Databases: The search was done by using PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases. These databases were selected based on their ability to provide coverage of biomedical and nursing literature, providing the best information on hand hygiene standards and HAI prevention in the ICU. Initial Search Results: A total of 25 records were identified across the selected databases. No additional records were found in registers or other sources. Screening Process: The first 25 records were excluded by reviewing the title and abstract of each record in order to evaluate relevance to the PICOT question. A total of 9 records were excluded after the screening due to irrelevance or poor quality. Eligibility Criteria:

NURS FPX 8030 Assessment 1 Building the Case for Healthcare Improvement Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8030 Evidence-Based Practice Process for the Nursing Doctoral Learner Prof. Name Date Building the Case for Health Care Improvement [Slide 1] Hi to everyone! I am Felicia. Today, I will underline the serious problem of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) at Memorial Regional Hospital. I emphasize the increased occurrence of HAIs, validated by external studies and internal evidence, and provide Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) solutions to improve results and patient security.  Presentation Outline [Slide 2] During this presentation, I will discuss the following points: Hospital Acquired Infections as a patient safety issue External resources supporting the necessity of change Priorities of organization for HAI prevention intervention  Quality Improvement (QI) project proposal Patient Safety Issue [Slide 3] In advanced care settings, HAIs are a critical security issue in worldwide medical systems, particularly at Memorial Regional Hospital. The growing frequency of HAI in Intensive Care Units (ICU) of US hospitals has raised mortality and morbidity among patients while also imposing an immense cost on the hospitals (Gidey et al., 2023). Higher HAI rate, notably Central-Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) at 25% and Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) at 29%, compromises patients’ health (Teja et al., 2021). For example, inserting a nonsensitized catheter can result in infection and related issues like fever, pain, and even sepsis. It necessitates extra therapies, resulting in postponed recovery, so resolving HAI issues has become a top priority. Gidey et al. (2023), emphasize the enormity of patient security risk; in America, the direct yearly expense of caring for HAIs is $ 28.5 to $ 45.1 billion, which strains the medical system. Patients in ICUs are 5 to 10 times more likely to develop an HAI because of internal variables such as immunodeficiency and external aspects like medical instrument use, impacting patient safety (Teja et al., 2021). So, it is necessary to manage HAI to boost outcomes. NURS FPX 8030 Assessment 1 Building the Case for Healthcare Improvement [Slide 4] Patients in ICUs are in danger of HAI owing to the widespread use of invasive treatments and equipment, immunodeficiency, comorbidities, vulnerability, and advanced age. In the United States, 30% of all HAIs happen in the ICU (Blot et al., 2022). Internal data on HAIs, obtained through surveys and dashboard analysis, revealed that 30% of ICU patients experience HAIs. CLASBI and CAUTI cause around 25% of patients to die within a year. Through staff interviews, it is revealed that inadequate HAI prevention practices are followed. One-third of the patients admitted to the ICU face severe complications due to HAIs. Further, the survey reported that in 2023, HAIs are prevalent in Memorial Regional Hospital; the rate of CLASBI is 0.553 per 1,000 central-line days, showing worse performance, and the CAUTI rate is 0.926 per 1,000 catheter days. These severe infections can cause other complications, requiring more recovery time, and can often lead to mortality, compromising patient safety (Leapfrog, 2024). External Sources Support for Need of Change [Slide 5] External resources support the necessity of change in the hospital to avoid HAIs. A peer-reviewed study by Haque et al. (2020), highlights the effect of HAIs on critical care and emphasizes the need for effective approaches to prevent HAIs. These practices include hand hygiene, sustaining a clean atmosphere, staff education, adhering to patient security protocol, and Antimicrobial Stewardship, as well as reducing the chances of HAIs. Another source is the Center for Disease Prevention and Control’s (CDC) HAI report, which underscores the necessity for improved HAI control. The CDC discovered an alarming nationwide pattern: On a single day, almost one in every 31 hospitalized individuals had one HAI. Annually, over 680,000 HAIs occur, and 72,000 hospitalized patients die due to HAIs during hospital stays (CDC, 2024). The rise in damage to patients is directly linked to the issues observed at Memorial Regional Hospital, particularly in the ICU. The CDC report underlines the crucial need for EBP solutions to address HAI. Evidence from these two resources is closely pertinent to the issue of HAI in Memorial Regional Hospital, where 0.553 scores for CLASBI and 0.926 for CAUTI were identified in 2023. Executing EBP solutions can boost patient security and outcomes in hospitals. Organizational Priority for Intervention [Slide 6] HAI prevention is a top focus at Memorial Regional Hospital due to its major impact on patient security, health results, and clinical costs. Vital stakeholders like hospital executives, clinical staff, and nurses are concerned about resolving the HAI issue. It leads to more operating expenses, potential legal consequences, lower reimbursements and funding, and hospital penalties for higher HAI incidents. For example, the suffering due to HAI causes prolonged hospital stays, additional care procedures due to complications, and more usage of antibiotics, raising clinical costs. Poor health outcomes due to HAI, like CAUTI, can result in serious repercussions, such as organ failure or disability, morbidity, and even death (Blot et al., 2022). Communities and patients are concerned about resolving HAI as they want secure and quality care. The higher HAI events erode their trust in staff and the hospital. It is crucial to address the HAI issue to sustain patient safety, trust, and hospital credibility. Proposal of Quality Improvement Project [Slide 7] The intended result of HAI intervention at Memorial Regional Hospital is a significant reduction in the rate of HAIs and associated complications like death. This can be accomplished by employing comprehensive, EBP multifaceted HAI avoidance approaches such as patient safety procedure adherence, environmental and hand hygiene, risk assessment, and staff training (Haque et al., 2020). The goal is to minimize HAIs and linked complications by 55% while meeting present criteria and national standards. Reducing HAI will boost patient results, security, and HAI-linked clinical costs. [Slide 8] The impact of the QI effort is multifaceted, including enhanced health results, greater patient and staff satisfaction, and reduced clinical expenses. Blot et al. (2022) illustrated that effective EBP solutions like staff education and hygiene procedures can reduce HAIs and related complications. For example, environmental hygiene practices like surface sanitation and cleaning, waste handling, sterilization, and equipment reconditioning can lower the rate of HAIs (Peters et al., 2022). Memorial Regional Hospital can strengthen its status as a renowned clinical group by implementing these methods to improve its care quality and patient security. Conclusion [Slide 9] Incorporating EBP HAI reduction solutions in Memorial Regional Hospital is

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 3 Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development notes Name Capella university NURS FPX 8014 Global Population Health Prof. Name Date Leading Global Health Strategic Planning and Policy Development Hello, greeting everyone. I am____, and today I am here to present a life-threatening global health concern: Malaria. I have decided to attend the meeting with a professional organization in the US community to share the profoundly affected Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with over 290 million cases and 608k deaths globally in 2022 (WHO, 2023). It has significantly impacted individual health, community well-being and economic development. My presentation will focus on strategies and policies to address the crisis, leveraging historical successes and innovative approaches. Several initiatives have been pivotal in addressing the situation, especially by The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Fund. By choosing exercise A, I attended a meeting of a professional organization within the community, specifically the local chapter of the American Nurses Association (ANA). Presenting at this meeting allows for direct interaction with nursing professionals who are at the forefront of healthcare delivery and advocacy. My objective is to develop and present comprehensive strategies, policies, and sustainable resource advocacy after extensive research on the topic and affected populations. This presentation will highlight the urgency of the malaria crisis, outline actionable solutions, and emphasize the importance of culturally sensitive approaches. By engaging stakeholders, the  aim is to drive impactful changes and foster collaborative efforts to reduce malaria prevalence and improve health outcomes in the most affected regions. Culturally Sensitive Strategies and Potential Policies Being a nurse encourages helps understand the cultural aspect of effective healthcare delivery. Malaria has impacted the SSA region excessively, and one of the reasons it is still an epidemic is their cultural beliefs and values. For that, culturally sensitive interventions are vital in addressing this issue, as malaria is beyond the biomedical concern. It involves the social and cultural factors. This part of the paper proposes and evaluates culturally sensitive interventions to address malaria through awareness campaigns, community-based interventions, increased access to medications, and maternal and child health initiatives.  Culturally Sensitive Awareness Campaigns These programs are essential to address malaria in SSA because many communities rely on traditional interventions (such as herbal remedies) due to deep-rooted cultural norms and limited access to healthcare. There are also misconceptions about malaria, for instance, relating it to witchcraft or supernatural forces. This deters people from seeking medical care (Orok et al., 2021). The indigenous population and low-income communities require support which must be provided through provision of educational and medical resources.For that reason, educational/awareness campaigns need to be designed to respect and integrate traditional beliefs while providing information regarding malaria prevention and treatment. Programs should include culturally appropriate messaging and involve women, who are often primary caregivers and crucial in the education process (Aremu et al., 2022). Community-Based Interventions The interventions can effectively address malaria by aligning with cultural beliefs and practices. Involving community leaders would be effective in efforts to increase acceptance and integration of modern practices. The community-based interventions should mainly focus on vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women. Community health workers can pay home visits and work with local leaders to promote insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), modern treatments, and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) (Awasthi et al., 2024). Integrated Vector Management (IVM) policy advocates for a comprehensive approach to vector control combining various strategies mentioned. This approach helps build trust and ensures that preventive measures and treatments are culturally acceptable. A prominent awareness campaign is “Zero Malaria Starts with Me”, which allows the SSA community to address the disease with knowledge and adequate resources available. It mobilizes resources and keeps malaria elimination a political agenda (Sarpong et al., 2022). Increase Affordability of Medication and Treatment The SSA’s 25% of income is used to treat malaria, which discourages the population from seeking care for its prevention. Unaffordability is a huge concern and a barrier to malaria prevention (Haileselassie et al., 2023). Policies that encourage affordable supplies, including artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), can improve early detection and effective treatment. Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme (MVIP) is an approach to pilot test to see the effectivness of vaccines like RTS,S. Further, international funding initiatives can help subsidize costs and ensure a steady supply, especially for women and children.  Maternal and Child Health Specific interventions for maternal and child health are essential to reducing mortality and morbidity rates among the vulnerable population of SSA. For instance, Antenatal care should offer insecticide-treated bed nets and intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women. Child health services should focus on early diagnosis and prompt treatment of malaria in children under five (Park et al., 2020). Case Management Guidelines by WHO provides detailed guidelines on the use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), appropriate antimalarial medications, and the management of severe malaria. Areas for Better Preparation of Strategies To improve the preparation for presenting culturally sensitive malaria strategies, deeper insights into local cultural beliefs and practices are needed. For example, understanding regional variations in traditional treatments and misconceptions about malaria could help tailor education programs more precisely. Incorporating systematic feedback from community members and leaders involved in the interventions could provide real-time insights into the effectiveness and acceptability of the strategies (Finda et al., 2020). Moreover, assessing local resources such as personnel and logistics, infrastructure including healthcare facilities, and the economic impact of interventions will help address feasibility and sustainability. It will help ensure that strategies are practical and well-integrated into existing healthcare systems (Finda et al., 2020). Sustainable Resources and Policy Development Addressing malaria in SSA requires a multifaceted approach that emphasizes the importance of sustainable resources and robust policy development. Advocating for policies that promote sustainable resource allocation and systematic improvements is crucial for achieving long-term success in malaria control. The purpose aligns well with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 3, which advocates for healthy lives and the well-being of people of all ages (RBM partnership, 2020). First, investing in sustainable resource allocation is critical

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 2 Global Issue Problem Name Capella university NURS FPX 8014 Global Population Health Prof. Name Date Global Issue Problem Description Malaria is a life-threatening public health issue transmitted by infected mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of individuals are impacted by the disease globally, and the African region is substantially influenced (WHO, 2023a). This assessment recognizes the prevalence, affected population, and strategies that are traditionally used to mitigate the global burden, followed by an educational resource/project proposal for a community health officer in the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region.  Description of the Problem Global Public Health Issue and Epidemiological Data  Analyzing the data from reputable sources, it is recognized that malaria is a significantly pervasive problem worldwide and in the sub-Saharan Africa region. Universally, in the year 2022, approximately 249 million individuals reported malaria encounters, resulting in 608,000 deaths (WHO, 2023a). This high prevalence underscores the persistent burden of malaria worldwide despite ongoing global efforts to combat the disease. The disease also imposes a substantial economic burden; $ 4.3 billion has been spent by governments and individuals worldwide (Andrade et al., 2022).  The scope of the disease in SSA is vast, affecting various dimensions of health and socioeconomic development. Malaria leads to severe morbidity and deaths, particularly among children (less than 5 years old). In 2022, Africa had approximately 94% of all malaria cases, and the disease-related mortality rate was 95%. There were 78% malaria deaths among children below five years in SSA (WHO, 2023a). Nations and populations disproportionately affected include Nigeria (26.8%), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (12.3%), Uganda (5.1%), and Mozambique (4.2%) (WHO, 2023a).  NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 2 Global Issue Problem Within these areas, vulnerable populations include children under five, pregnant women, and people living in rural and impoverished regions (WHO, n.d.). These groups are at a higher risk due to limited access to healthcare, inadequate housing conditions that favor mosquito breeding, and lower immunity levels. Significant inequities in malaria incidence and outcomes exist across different countries and regions. SSA, despite bearing the significant malaria burden, often has the least resources to combat the disease effectively. These nations face substantial challenges in malaria control and elimination due to factors such as political instability, limited healthcare facilities, and minimal financial resources for vaccine production and distribution in the region (Oladipo et al., 2022). Thus, research prioritizes political and economic investments by the region’s government and policymakers to control disease burden and prevent individual lives. Continued efforts are essential to address the impact of disease on population health.  Analysis of the Global Health Issue  Malaria, as a public health issue, has multifaced impacts on individuals, communities, and populations around the world, particularly in sub-Saharan African regions.  Impact on Individuals Malaria has a profound effect on individuals, particularly in high-burden areas such as Sub-Saharan Africa. For infected individuals, malaria causes a range of signs and symptoms, including high-graded temperature, chills, and head and musculoskeletal pain (Bamikole, 2024). Children below five years old and expecting women are especially at high risk, with children experiencing augmented mortality rates and pregnant women facing pregnancy-related complications. They may transmit the disease to the fetus, risking maternal and neonatal lives (Bamikole, 2024). Therefore, poor physical outcomes, the financial burden of treatment, and lost productivity due to illness significantly affect individuals’ quality of life.  Impact on Communities At the community level, the high prevalence of malaria strains local healthcare systems, leading to poor healthcare services within the communities. Additionally, the economic impact of the disease is substantial, where communities face direct costs for medical care and indirect costs due to poverty (Andrade et al., 2022). Among children, school absenteeism due to malaria is common, affecting educational outcomes and future economic prospects. Halliday et al. (2020) mention that malaria is estimated to result in 5% and 8% of preventable school absenteeism among African children. Lastly, communities also experience social disruption, as frequent illnesses and deaths weaken social bonds and disrupt community cohesion.  Impact on Populations Populations in malaria-endemic regions experience widespread and persistent health challenges that impede broader socioeconomic development. According to Andrade et al. (2022), countries with high malaria prevalence can see reductions in their GDP growth rates by up to 1.3% annually. This economic strain perpetuates cycles of poverty as affected populations struggle to break free from the financial constraints imposed by frequent malaria outbreaks. It hinders economic growth by reducing the workforce’s productivity and increasing healthcare costs. Additionally, high morbidity and mortality rates strain national resources and international aid, requiring significant investment in public health infrastructure and preventive measures to control the disease. Social and Political Ramifications  If malaria remains unaddressed, it could have severe social and political consequences, particularly in high-burden areas like Sub-Saharan Africa. Socially, the persistent high morbidity and mortality rates will strain individuals and communities, aggravating economic challenges and reducing overall quality of life (Andrade et al., 2022). Academic disruptions for children due to illness will hinder human capital development, limiting future economic growth. On the other hand, politically, governments may face increased pressure to address the health crisis, potentially leading to social unrest if they fail to deliver effective solutions (Oladipo et al., 2022). The financial implications of malaria could divert resources from other critical areas, further destabilizing already fragile economies. Additionally, ongoing health crises could undermine public trust in government institutions and international organizations, potentially leading to political instability and weakened governance. Addressing malaria is thus crucial not only for health outcomes but also for maintaining social cohesion and political stability. Social Determinants That Impact the Problem  The population most affected by malaria primarily resides in SSA (94%) ((WHO, 2023a). Rural populations are particularly affected due to poor living conditions and higher exposure to mosquito vectors. Several Social Determinants of Health (SDOH), such as poverty, lack of education, and limited healthcare accessibility, exacerbate the risk, trapping these communities in a cycle of disease and deprivation.  Poverty limits access to preventive solutions like insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and timely medical treatment. According

NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 1 Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Name Capella university NURS FPX 8014 Global Population Health Prof. Name Date Non-governmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues Malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease, remains a critical global health challenge, impacting millions (249) and causing 608 thousand deaths as of the year 2022, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2023). Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have been pivotal in combating this disease, employing diverse strategies to mitigate its spread and impact. This paper will delve into the distinction between NGOs and government-sponsored programs in addressing malaria. Several organizations have put efforts to address malaria, including the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (The Global Fund, 2024b). Differences between NGOs and Government-Sponsored Programs Public Health NGOs and governmental public health organizations both play crucial roles in addressing global health issues but operate differently in terms of structure, funding, and approach. Public health NGOs are independent entities that are non-profit and operate without direct control from any government. They receive funding from a variety of sources, including donations, grants, and private sector contributions. NGOs typically focus on specific health issues, working at the grassroots level to implement programs and interventions. They can often act more quickly and flexibly than governmental bodies due to less bureaucratic oversight (Besançon et al., 2022). Governmental public health organizations are state-funded responsible for public health policies and programs within a country or at an international level. They are typically funded through taxpayer money and are potentially subject to political influence and policy changes. Governmental organizations have broader mandates, including regulatory functions, research, and large-scale public health campaigns (Perry, 2023). The Global Fund is a partnership organization with an aim to end three particular diseases including Malaria, established in 2002. The Global Fund has raised over $ 50 billion since its inception. For the 2021-2023 funding cycle, it aimed to raise $14 billion. Current data shows that the organization has spent US$17.9 billion (65%) of its funding on the malaria program (The Global Fund, 2024a). These funds are used for insecticide-treated nets, medications, diagnostic testing, and strengthening health systems in affected areas. NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 1 Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues The Global Fund operates in over 100 countries, with significant malaria interventions in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America (The Global Fund, 2024a). The stakeholders for the organizations include donor governments, private sector partners, civil society organizations, and affected communities. Members join through a formal application review process, ensuring a wide representation from various sectors. The advantages of the NGO are that it is flexible, has targeted interventions, and has the ability to quickly mobilize resources. The Global Fund collaborates closely with local organizations to implement programs effectively. However, it faces challenges as it depends on donor funding, variability in annual contributions, and the need to maintain transparency and accountability (The Global Fund, 2024a).  It was founded in 1948, and it is an agency of the United Nations accountable for global public health. The WHO’s biennial budget for 2022-2023 was approximately $5.84 billion, funded through assessed contributions from member states and voluntary contributions (WHO, 2022). Current data shows that WHO’s Global Malaria Programme oversees the implementation of the Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, with the purpose of reducing malaria incidence and death rates by 90% by 2023 (WHO, 2021b). WHO operates globally, with six regional offices and 194 member states. The stakeholders include member states, international health bodies, and partner organizations. Membership is composed of UN member countries, which influence policies and finding allocations through the World Health Assembly. The advantage of it is that, it has extensive reach, an authoritative voice in global health, and the ability to coordinate large-scale international health efforts and set global health standards. However, they face challenges due to bureaucratic processes, political influences, and slower response time due to the need for consensus among member states (WHO, 2022a).   Public Health NGOs and Governmental Public Health Organizations There are several benefits for NGOs, like The Global Fund, over government-sponsored programs. First, public health NGOs like the Global Fund are more agile and flexible than government-sponsored ones (Rajabi et al., 2023). For instance, The Global Fund has been able to distribute insecticide-treated nets (55% coverage) swiftly and antimalarial medications in response to malaria outbreaks. Government organizations such as the WHO often need faster decision-making, which delays the implementation of urgent health initiatives. The reasons are the need for consensus among state members and adherence to complex regulations (Scott & Gong, 2021). Another benefit of NGOs over government organizations is targeted interventions. NGOs typically focus on specific health issues (malaria) and regions, allowing them to tailor their programs, but government bodies generally have broader mandates, which dilutes their focus based on areas (Afzal & Nasir, 2023). For instance, the Global Fund’s malaria programs are customized based on the local epidemiology and healthcare infrastructure, while WHO sets global standards and policies, not focusing on interventions needed at the community level. Lastly, NGOs provide the benefit of closely working with local communities, building trust, and fostering community involvement (Sanadgol et al., 2021). This approach enhances the effectiveness of interventions and makes programs culturally appropriate. The Global Fund (NGO) collaborates with local partners to ensure that malaria prevention and treatments are community-driven. However, WHO’s top-down approach only sometimes resonates with local populations as effectively (Bulthuis et al., 2020). NURS FPX 8014 Assessment 1 Nongovernmental Agencies Involved in Global Issues The comparative summary between the two bodies, The Global Fund (NGO) and WHO (Governmental Public Health), provides specific takeaways, particularly in funding and engagement. For instance, NGOs like The Global Fund rely on voluntary donations and grants, giving flexibility but also uncertainty of the financing. They often conduct fundraising campaigns, apply for grants, and partner with private sector entities to secure funding (The Global Fund, 2024b). WHO is funded by member state contributions, ensuring a more stable financial base but with potential political influence. Regarding distribution, NGOs can rapidly implement targeted interventions by distributing

NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 5 Quality Improvement Project Plan Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8012 Nursing Technology and Health Care Information Systems Prof. Name Date Quality Improvement Project Plan Using Informatics/Technology The rapid advancement of technology in healthcare has underscored the need for robust, efficient, and comprehensive Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. As healthcare organizations strive to improve patient outcomes, enhance data management, and streamline clinical workflows, the adoption of EHR systems has become increasingly vital. This quality improvement project is focused on the implementation of an EHR system at the Mayo Clinic, a globally recognized leader in medical care. The initiative is driven by the need to address current inefficiencies, enhance patient safety, and align with industry best practices (Adeniyi et al., 2024). Through this project, the Mayo Clinic aims to leverage cutting-edge informatics and technology to transform its clinical practice, ensuring that both healthcare providers and patients benefit from more accurate, accessible, and integrated health information. Problem The Mayo Clinic is facing challenges in delivering immediate and comprehensive coordinated care across its healthcare facilities due to the lack of a unified Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. The current reliance on fragmented documentation methods, including paper records and disparate electronic systems, hinders the efficiency of patient care, particularly in acute care settings where timely access to accurate patient information is crucial. This inefficiency results in prolonged waiting times for patients requiring urgent attention, delays in diagnosis and treatment, and an overall reduction in the quality of care provided (Gandrup et al., 2020). The complexity of managing patient information in such a disjointed system increases the risk of medical errors, redundancies, and communication breakdowns, all of which can negatively impact patient outcomes and the Clinic’s reputation for excellence in healthcare. Stakeholders at the Mayo Clinic are deeply concerned about this issue, as the inability to provide timely and coordinated care threatens patient safety and diminishes trust in the Clinic’s services. Key stakeholders include the executive leadership, which is responsible for maintaining the Clinic’s standing as a leading healthcare institution; clinical departments and medical staff, whose ability to deliver high-quality care is directly affected by inefficient workflows; and the IT department, which is tasked with implementing solutions to streamline processes and improve data accessibility (Schmidt, 2020). Patients are directly impacted by these challenges, facing longer wait times and potential delays in receiving critical care. Addressing these issues is essential not only to enhance patient outcomes but also to uphold the Mayo Clinic’s commitment to delivering superior, patient-centered care. Data to Support the Problem and Trigger a Need for Change in Practice Mayo Clinic’s performance is highlighted by its A grade from the Leapfrog Group, reflecting strong safety measures with an average nurse-to-patient care time of 9.15 hours and a high error prevention score of 115.50 out of 120.00. The clinic’s medication reconciliation rate of 0.110 further demonstrates its commitment to accurate medication management (Schauer, 2023). Complementing this, Medicare Compare data shows Mayo Clinic’s 5-star rating with superior metrics, including a mortality rate of 4 out of 7 and a readmission rate of 6 out of 11, both better than national averages (Mueller et al., 2020). Despite these strong performance indicators, the implementation of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system is necessary to enhance information management, address potential inefficiencies, and further improve patient care and coordination. Proposed Solution Implementing an upgraded Electronic Health Record (EHR) system at Mayo Clinic is essential for addressing existing challenges in care delivery and enhancing patient outcomes. This proposal details the incorporation of advanced technologies and informatics to tackle these issues effectively. Technologies/Informatics Cyber Security Tools The upgraded EHR system will incorporate advanced cybersecurity features to protect patient information. This will involve multifactor authentication, which requires multiple forms of verification to access sensitive data, enhancing security. Encryption will safeguard patient data by making it unreadable to unauthorized individuals during storage and transmission (Nowrozy et al., 2024). Secure access protocols will regulate who can view or alter patient records, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations and enhancing data reliability. These measures are essential for preventing unauthorized access and maintaining patient confidentiality. Speech Recognition System The new EHR system will include Speech Recognition (SR) technology to facilitate real-time voice-to-text documentation. This feature will allow healthcare providers to record patient information verbally, significantly reducing the time spent on manual data entry. By minimizing the need for typing, SR will enable medical staff to focus more on patient care rather than administrative tasks, thereby improving overall efficiency and accuracy in documenting patient information (Avendano et al., 2022). User-Friendly Interface A vital aspect of the enhanced EHR system will be a user-friendly interface designed for ease of use by both staff and patients. This intuitive design will make interactions with the system smoother, reduce the learning curve, and minimize errors. The interface will be streamlined to simplify complex tasks and workflows, reducing cognitive strain on users (Gandrup et al., 2020). This will lead to improved workflow efficiency, greater data accuracy, and an enhanced overall user experience. Optimized Alert System The new EHR system will feature an optimized alert system that supports clinical decision-making and enhances patient safety. This system will provide real-time alerts for critical information, such as medication interactions, allergy warnings, and abnormal lab results (Aguirre et al., 2019). By delivering timely notifications and reminders, the alert system will help healthcare providers make informed decisions and act promptly, reducing the risk of errors and improving patient outcomes. This will ensure that essential information is readily available, leading to better coordination and more effective patient care. Relevancy to the Solutions The proposed EHR enhancements are designed to tackle the current inefficiencies and delays in care at Mayo Clinic. By refining workflows, minimizing documentation errors, and boosting real-time data access, these technological upgrades are set to enhance patient care and operational efficiency significantly (Schauer, 2023). These improvements are aligned with the Mayo Clinic’s commitment to maintaining high standards of care and will contribute to better patient outcomes and increased satisfaction. The enhancements are expected

NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 4 Risk Mitigation Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8012 Nursing Technology and Health Care Information Systems Prof. Name Date Risk Mitigation Risk Management Plan Risk identified by SAFER Guides Possibility of Occurrence (Frequent, Sometimes, Never) Potential for Harm (Severe, Mild, None) Mitigation to Address Risks Poor integration between advanced and existing EHR systems Sometimes  Mild  To ensure smooth integration, a comprehensive plan guided by technical experts is essential. This plan should include regular testing and the use of contingency tools to address any issues that may arise during integration (Singh & Sittig, 2020). Cybersecurity threats and data breaches Sometimes Severe  Implement robust cybersecurity measures, such as encrypted data, multi-factor authentication, and regular security audits. Continuous staff training on data security practices will help mitigate the risk of data breaches (Keshta & Odeh, 2021). Inaccurate or biased EHR system configuration Sometimes Severe  Establish rigorous protocols for data selection and validation to minimize bias. Regular updates and monitoring of EHR configurations are crucial to maintaining accuracy and fairness (Bottle et al., 2020). Software or hardware malfunctions and system failures Sometimes  Severe  Implement thorough testing and validation processes for both software and hardware components before launch. Regular maintenance schedules and a well-defined response protocol will help address system failures promptly (Cerchione et al., 2022). Inadequate technical proficiency among staff Sometimes  Mild  Provide comprehensive training programs for clinicians and administrative staff to enhance their technical skills in using the EHR system. Ongoing support and training will ensure the system’s effective utilization (Humphrey‐Murto et al., 2022) NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 4 Risk Mitigation Lack of transparency in system implementation Sometimes  Mild Develop and implement clear communication strategies to ensure that all stakeholders, including staff and patients, understand the implementation process and its impact. Regular updates and feedback mechanisms will promote transparency (Hernandez & Gonzales, 2021). Issues with regulatory and legal compliance Frequent  Severe  Ensure that the EHR system fully complies with all relevant regulatory and legal guidelines, such as HIPAA. Regular reviews and updates of compliance measures will be conducted to reflect any changes in legislation or best practices (Nowrozy et al., 2024). User resistance to new technology Sometimes  Mild  Implement change management strategies, including Kotter’s 8-Step Process, to address resistance. Engage stakeholders early in the process, provide clear communication, and offer hands-on training to facilitate the smooth adoption of the EHR system (Larsson & Thesing, 2024). Ethical or Legal Issues Related to Identified Risks Inadequate implementation of advanced EHR systems at the Mayo Clinic presents numerous risks, including legal and ethical challenges, compromised patient care, and reduced organizational effectiveness. Key concerns include data breaches, system inefficiencies, insufficient staff training, improper configuration, lack of transparency, and diminished professional competency. A major ethical issue is the potential for biased treatment due to inadequate transparency within the EHR system, which could jeopardize patient rights and overall well-being. This lack of transparency may also foster mistrust among stakeholders, exposing the Mayo Clinic to both legal and ethical responsibilities (Hernandez & Gonzales, 2021). Moreover, inadequate validation and deployment of the EHR system could negatively impact various stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, resulting in ethical liabilities for the institution. Integration issues, if not correctly managed, could lead to inefficiencies and errors in data management, which would directly affect patient care and the Mayo Clinic’s overall productivity. Failure to identify and address these ethical issues promptly could expose the clinic to significant legal challenges related to data security and accuracy (Bottle et al., 2020). Additionally, insufficient technical training for staff could result in misinterpretation of data, adversely affecting patient care and legal standing. Such deficiencies would not only have financial implications but also hinder the Mayo Clinic’s ability to deliver high-quality care. Regulatory non-compliance, arising from poor system performance or software malfunctions, could further lead to legal and financial repercussions, compromising both patient safety and ethical standards (Cerchione et al., 2022). NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 4 Risk Mitigation Ethical concerns also arise from system inefficiencies, particularly when software malfunctions hinder practical patient evaluation. This situation is ethically troubling as it delays critical care delivery. The increased time required to navigate the EHR system could slow down clinicians’ ability to provide timely treatment, raising significant ethical concerns (Bottle et al., 2020). Over-reliance on EHR technology may reduce clinicians’ skills, compromise personalized care, and potentially result in moral and legal issues for the Mayo Clinic. Addressing these risks is essential to maintaining the efficiency of care services, especially in high-stakes environments like emergency departments, where delays can have serious consequences (Hernandez & Gonzales, 2021). If the Mayo Clinic fails to implement proper safeguards to manage EHR-related risks, it could face serious ethical dilemmas, including violations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA breaches, such as unauthorized access to sensitive patient information, would carry legal penalties. Furthermore, improper EHR configurations could introduce biases in patient care, leading to medical errors and compromising patient safety, thus creating significant ethical challenges (Nowrozy et al., 2024). In addition, the lack of regulatory compliance in using EHR systems could lead to data breaches, exacerbating HIPAA violations and legal issues (Nowrozy et al., 2024). These problems could erode patient trust, diminish staff morale, and result in subpar care delivery, ultimately placing a substantial financial burden on the Mayo Clinic. Justification of Actions to Address Identified Risks Addressing the identified risks associated with the implementation of advanced EHR systems at the Mayo Clinic requires a series of strategic actions, each supported by evidence-based practices and peer-reviewed literature. One of the primary risks is the potential for poor integration between the new EHR system and existing systems, which could lead to inefficiencies and data handling errors. To mitigate this risk, it is crucial to implement robust integration planning and develop contingency tools. According to Singh & Sittig (2020), comprehensive testing phases and the involvement of technical experts during the integration process are essential to ensure compatibility with current systems and workflows. Such measures are critical in preventing data inaccuracies, maintaining clinical operations’ efficiency, and ultimately

NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 3 SAFER Guides and Evaluating Technology Usage Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8012 Nursing Technology and Health Care Information Systems Prof. Name Date SAFER Guides and Evaluating Technology Usage In the evolving landscape of healthcare, the integration of technology is crucial in enhancing patient care and operational efficiency. This assessment focuses on evaluating the use of the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system at the Mayo Clinic, leveraging the HealthIT SAFER Guides to identify performance and risk factors associated with its implementation. The SAFER Guides are designed to help healthcare organizations assess their EHR systems in terms of safety, functionality, and risk management (Sittig & Singh, 2021). This paper will discuss the proposed EHR technology for practice change at the Mayo Clinic, highlight areas where the clinic performs well according to the SAFER Guides, and uncover potential risks. Use of EHR to Drive Improvements in Healthcare Setting The Mayo Clinic’s adoption of an advanced Electronic Health Record (EHR) system is essential for enhancing clinical practice and patient care. This advanced technology guarantees that authorized personnel can access medical data securely and confidentially. The EHR system streamlines information sharing among various departments, including primary care, specialty clinics, and emergency services, through its user-friendly and intuitive design (Elizabeth et al., 2023). This ease of use aids clinicians and staff in efficiently retrieving patient information, thus reducing training challenges and promoting effective workflows. By integrating a comprehensive range of clinical data such as medical histories, diagnostic results, treatment plans, and prescription records into one platform, the EHR enables healthcare professionals to make informed, personalized decisions, ultimately improving patient care. The EHR system at Mayo Clinic supports connectivity with external systems like laboratories and pharmacies, minimizing manual data entry and facilitating coordinated care by providing accurate, real-time information (Aguirre et al., 2019). The inclusion of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) within the EHR offers evidence-based guidelines, alerts, and notifications that assist healthcare providers in making well-informed decisions, particularly in urgent or emergencies. These features enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce medical errors, and streamline medical processes, which in turn improves patient safety and reduces healthcare costs (Sutton et al., 2020). The EHR system also boosts communication among interdisciplinary teams during emergencies, shortens wait times, and speeds up response times, thereby enhancing patient outcomes in critical scenarios where timely data access is crucial (Tsai et al., 2020). Preliminary Goals for Improvement The EHR system aims to reduce patient waiting times by eliminating pre-assessments and simplifying premedical checkups, particularly in emergencies (Jabour, 2020). Thus, it enhances efficiency and patient safety at Mayo Clinic. The system will enhance the accuracy of medication reconciliation, ensuring that treatment plans and prescriptions are thoroughly reviewed and accurately recorded (Bhati et al., 2023). The advanced EHR is expected to improve patient experience and satisfaction by providing more efficient care and better service delivery. Implementing the EHR will help improve performance metrics such as Leapfrog and Medicare Compare Score Grades for Mayo Clinic, reflecting higher quality and safety outcomes. The EHR’s patient interface will enhance communication between doctors and patients, promoting better engagement and ensuring patients are well-informed about their care (Vos et al., 2020). SAFER Guides Findings Related to Well-Performing Areas The SAFER Guides provide a framework for assessing the effectiveness and safety of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. According to the SAFER Guides’ recommendations, the Mayo Clinic’s EHR system has shown strong performance in several key areas. One notable area of strength is system configuration. The SAFER Guides highlight the importance of configuring EHR systems to align with clinical workflows to enhance usability and reduce errors (Sittig et al., 2020). At the Mayo Clinic, the EHR system is tailored to meet the needs of various departments, such as cardiology and oncology. For example, the system includes customized templates for different specialties, which streamline data entry and ensure that clinicians can quickly access relevant information. This tailored approach reduces the likelihood of errors and aligns with SAFER Guides’ emphasis on effective system configuration (Kumar, 2019). Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are another critical aspect where Mayo Clinic’s EHR excels. The SAFER Guides recommend integrating CDSS features to support clinical decision-making with real-time, evidence-based recommendations. At the Mayo Clinic, the EHR system provides alerts for potential drug interactions and contraindications (Aguirre et al., 2019). For instance, during a patient’s prescription review, the system automatically alerts clinicians if a prescribed medication may interact with the patient’s existing medications, thus preventing possible adverse drug reactions. This feature directly supports the SAFER Guides’ focus on enhancing clinical decision-making through timely and reliable information (Kumar, 2019). NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 3 SAFER Guides and Evaluating Technology Usage Data integrity and security are also crucial elements emphasized by the SAFER Guides. The Mayo Clinic’s EHR system has implemented advanced encryption and stringent access controls to protect patient data. For example, the system uses role-based access controls to ensure that only authorized personnel can view or modify sensitive patient information. Additionally, regular system audits and automated data verification processes are in place to maintain data accuracy (Usha Nicole Cobrado et al., 2024). These practices align with the SAFER Guides’ recommendations for safeguarding data integrity. Information exchange between different healthcare systems is another area where Mayo Clinic’s EHR system performs exceptionally well. The SAFER Guides stress the importance of interoperability for effective care coordination. The Mayo Clinic’s EHR system seamlessly integrates with external systems, such as regional health information exchanges and laboratory systems. For instance, when a patient undergoes a diagnostic test at an external facility, the results are automatically integrated into the patient’s EHR, enabling clinicians to access comprehensive data and avoid redundant testing (Elizabeth et al., 2023). This interoperability enhances care coordination and aligns with SAFER Guides’ emphasis on effective information exchange. Lastly, the SAFER Guides highlight the role of patient engagement and communication in EHR effectiveness. Mayo Clinic’s EHR system includes a robust patient portal that allows individuals to view their health records, schedule appointments, and communicate with healthcare providers (Sittig & Singh, 2021).

NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 2 Proposal for a Change Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8012 Nursing Technology and Health Care Information Systems Prof. Name Date Using Data to Make Evidence-Based Technology Recommendations Slide 1:  Hello, I’m Evelyn, a nurse with a DNP. In today’s presentation, I will discuss how Mayo Clinic uses Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems to boost patient safety and improve overall performance. We will examine the Mayo Clinic’s performance in crucial patient safety areas as assessed by the Leapfrog Group and Medicare Compare. Based on this analysis, we will propose specific informatics and technology interventions aimed at further elevating patient care and operational effectiveness. Slide 2:  The Leapfrog Group, a nonprofit organization, assesses hospital safety by assigning letter grades from A to F. These grades reflect the hospital’s effectiveness in preventing medical errors, accidents, and infections based on publicly available data and a comprehensive hospital survey (The Leapfrog Group, 2024). On the other hand, Medicare Compare, provided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), allows for comparing healthcare quality across different organizations. It assigns star ratings from 1 to 5, indicating performance in areas such as patient safety, experience, outcomes, and the provision of timely and adequate care (Kurian et al., 2021). Leapfrog and Medicare Compare Scores Slide 3:  The Leapfrog Group has awarded Mayo Clinic in Minnesota an A grade, reflecting its exceptional performance in various safety measures. This evaluation system assesses hospitals’ ability to maintain high standards of patient safety. Key factors include nurse-to-patient hours, efforts to prevent errors, and medication reconciliation (Schauer, 2023). Recent data shows the Mayo Clinic’s strong performance in these areas. Specifically, the average nurse-to-patient care time is 9.15 hours daily, exceeding recommended benchmarks. Leadership initiatives aimed at error prevention have achieved a score of 115.50 out of 120.00, indicating robust and effective strategies. Additionally, Mayo Clinic’s medication reconciliation rate is 0.110, significantly below the 50th percentile, highlighting its commitment to accurate medication management (Leapfrog Ratings, 2024). Slide 4:  Mayo Clinic holds a 5-star rating on Medicare Compare, demonstrating its excellent performance in patient safety and care quality. The clinic’s mortality rate is 4 out of 7, which is better than the national average of 5 out of 7. Its readmission rate stands at 6 out of 11, which is slightly better than the national average of 7 out of 11 (Mueller et al., 2020). Moreover, Mayo Clinic excels in providing timely and effective care, scoring 11 out of 12, surpassing national benchmarks. Patient satisfaction is also high, with a survey score of 4.5 out of 5 and a response rate of 30%, reflecting the clinic’s strong reputation for delivering high-quality care (Medicare.gov, 2024). Assessing Mayo Clinic in Minnesota against Two Other Hospitals Slide 5: In a recent Leapfrog report, Miami Valley Hospital received a “B” grade for safety, which is lower than Mayo Clinic’s “A” grade. Miami Valley Hospital has 6.82 nursing hours per day and an error prevention score of 92.31 out of 120, compared to Mayo Clinic’s 9.15 hours and 115.50 out of 120 (Leapfrog, 2024). The medication reconciliation rate at Miami Valley Hospital is 0.298, which is less efficient than the Mayo Clinic’s 0.110. Similarly, Atrium Medical Center also received a “B” grade and reports 7.25 nursing hours per day and an error prevention score of 92.31 out of 120 (Leapfrog, 2023). Atrium’s medication reconciliation rate is 0.095, slightly better than Mayo Clinic’s 0.110, but its overall performance in other areas is lower compared to Mayo Clinic. Slide 6: In Medicare Compare ratings, Miami Valley Hospital has an overall score of 3 out of 5 stars and a patient survey rating of 2 out of 5 stars, which are lower compared to Mayo Clinic’s ratings. Miami Valley’s mortality rate is 7 out of 7, and its readmission rate is 11 out of 11, both worse than Mayo Clinic’s figures of 4 out of 7 and 6 out of 11, respectively. Despite a timely and effective care score of 11 out of 12, Miami Valley still lags behind the Mayo Clinic (Medicare.gov, 2024c). On the other hand, Atrium Medical Center has an overall rating of 4 out of 5 stars and a patient survey rating of 3 out of 5 stars. Its mortality rate is 7 out of 7, higher than the Mayo Clinic’s, but its readmission rate of 10 out of 11 is better than the Mayo Clinic’s. Atrium’s timely and effective care score of 10 out of 12 is also slightly lower than Mayo Clinic’s score (Medicare.gov, 2024a).  Implementing Advanced EHR System  To Enhance Medicare Compare Scores Slide 7: Implementing an advanced EHR system is essential to improving Mayo Clinic’s Medicare Compare scores. Currently, the emergency department handles over 70,000 visits annually, with an average patient wait time of 150 minutes, which are both significant figures. Additionally, the hospital’s readmission rates for conditions like heart attack and heart failure are 10.5 days and 18 days per 100 discharges, respectively, indicating a need for improvement compared to national averages (Zheng et al., 2022). Upgrading to an advanced EHR system with features such as multi-factor authentication, encryption, and speech recognition could greatly benefit Mayo Clinic. Speech recognition can streamline the documentation process, allowing for faster and more accurate entry of patient information, thereby reducing wait times (Avendano et al., 2022). Enhanced encryption and multi-factor authentication will ensure that patient data is securely handled, thus safeguarding patient privacy and compliance. An intuitive and user-friendly interface will aid both staff and patients, leading to improved care delivery and potentially lowering readmission rates and mortality (Avendano et al., 2022). To Improve Leapfrog Scores Slide 8: Mayo Clinic’s Leapfrog report highlights several areas for improvement. The hospital’s score for leadership efforts to prevent errors is 115.50, while top-performing hospitals achieve a score of 120. The nursing and bedside care score is 85, below the 100 achieved by leading hospitals. Communication with doctors is rated at 92, compared to the best score of 98, and communication with nurses is at 90,

NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 1 Technology-Informatics Use in Your Practice Setting Name Capella university NURS-FPX 8012 Nursing Technology and Health Care Information Systems Prof. Name Date Technology Informatics Use in Your Practice Setting Greetings, I am _____. Today, I am excited to discuss how Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are used at Mayo Clinic, a leading institution known for its advanced healthcare practices. EHRs have become essential in modern medical practice, significantly transforming patient care and engagement (Adeniyi et al., 2024). At Mayo Clinic, this technology is critical to improving and managing the quality of patient care. My recent experience at the Mayo Clinic has provided valuable insights into the practical application of EHRs. In this video, I will explore the benefits of EHRs within Mayo Clinic’s acute care setting, address the challenges encountered in their implementation, and propose a redesigned workflow to enhance care coordination and patient outcomes. Understanding these aspects will help us leverage EHR technology more effectively to deliver exceptional patient care. Benefits of Chosen Technology Context Mayo Clinic, renowned for its exceptional healthcare services, has integrated Electronic Health Records (EHRs) into its acute care unit. EHRs replace traditional paper records with digital systems, improving the accuracy, accessibility, and management of patient information. This shift towards digitalization reflects a broader trend in healthcare aimed at enhancing patient outcomes, streamlining workflows, and supporting data-driven decision-making (Mehta et al., 2020). Understanding the benefits of EHRs at Mayo Clinic provides insights into how this technology enhances healthcare delivery and operational effectiveness. Benefits of the Chosen Technology EHRs EHRs at Mayo Clinic enable comprehensive and precise patient records, which is essential for delivering high-quality care. The system provides clinicians with complete patient histories, including previous treatments, allergies, and test results. This comprehensive access facilitates informed decision-making and reduces the likelihood of medical errors, enhancing patient safety by minimizing risks related to incorrect treatments or drug interactions. The adoption of EHRs promotes seamless communication among healthcare providers (Akinyemi et al., 2022). At Mayo Clinic, this means that all members of a patient’s care team, ranging from specialists to primary care physicians, can view and contribute to a unified patient record. This collaborative approach improves continuity of care, as clinicians are well-informed about the patient’s overall treatment plan, which is particularly advantageous in managing complex or chronic conditions (Tapuria et al., 2021). EHRs streamline various administrative tasks, such as ordering tests, documenting patient interactions, and managing prescriptions. For Mayo Clinic’s acute care unit, this efficiency results in reduced paperwork and quicker processing of patient information. Clinicians can dedicate more time to direct patient care rather than administrative duties, enhancing overall workflow efficiency and reducing patient wait times (Moy et al., 2023).  EHR systems at Mayo Clinic facilitate robust data collection and analysis, supporting evidence-based practice. By aggregating patient data, EHRs help identify trends and outcomes, enabling healthcare providers to make informed decisions and implement best practices. This data-driven approach is crucial for refining treatment protocols and improving patient care quality. EHRs at Mayo Clinic include patient portals that offer patients access to their health information, appointment scheduling, and communication with their care team (Chung et al., 2019). This functionality empowers patients to actively participate in their healthcare, leading to increased satisfaction and better adherence to treatment plans. EHRs assist Mayo Clinic in adhering to healthcare regulations and standards, including those stipulated by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act and Meaningful Use criteria. The technology enables accurate and timely reporting, which is vital for maintaining accreditation and meeting quality metrics (Chung et al., 2019). Obstacles to Utilizing EHR The integration of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) at Mayo Clinic’s acute care unit brings significant benefits but also presents several challenges. From a healthcare provider’s perspective, these obstacles can impact the efficient use and overall effectiveness of the EHR system. System integration issues pose a significant challenge. At Mayo Clinic, multiple specialized systems, including laboratory and imaging systems, are used in conjunction with EHRs. Ensuring seamless communication between these systems can be complex. Integration problems may lead to fragmented patient information, delays in data sharing, and additional manual data entry tasks, which can affect the efficiency of patient care (Moy et al., 2023). Usability and user training also present obstacles. EHR systems, while designed to streamline documentation and access, can be complex and challenging to navigate. Providers may require extensive training to become proficient with the system. Inadequate training or difficulties in using the EHR can result in decreased productivity, user frustration, and potential errors in patient documentation, which can affect care quality (Tsai et al., 2020). Data entry and accuracy are critical concerns. Manually entering patient data into EHR systems can be time-consuming and prone to errors. Ensuring that patient records are accurate and up-to-date is crucial in an acute care setting (Adeniyi et al., 2024). Mistakes in data entry can impact clinical decision-making and patient safety, highlighting the need for ongoing quality control and vigilance. NURS FPX 8012 Assessment 1 Technology-Informatics Use in Your Practice Setting Workflow disruption is another significant challenge. The transition to EHRs can disrupt established workflows and routines. Providers may experience interruptions as they adapt to new electronic documentation practices. This disruption can temporarily affect the efficiency of care delivery, particularly during the period when both paper and electronic systems might be in use. Data privacy and security concerns are paramount with EHR systems. While EHRs enhance data accessibility, they also raise concerns about the protection of sensitive patient information (Nowrozy et al., 2024). Ensuring that patient data is secure from unauthorized access and cyber threats requires stringent security measures and adherence to regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (Schmidt, 2020). Balancing accessibility with security is a challenging aspect of EHR management. Financial costs associated with EHR systems can also be a barrier. The initial investment and ongoing maintenance costs for EHRs are substantial. Although EHRs are intended to improve efficiency and reduce costs over time, the financial burden of