NURS FPX 4060 Assessment 1 Health Promotion Plan

Name

Capella university

NURS-FPX 4060 Practicing in the Community to Improve Population Health

Prof. Name

Date

Health Promotion Plan

In-Depth Analysis of Tobacco Use and its Cessation in California

Tobacco use and cessation in California pose a substantial community health concern despite notable strides in tobacco control efforts. While overall smoking rates have declined, certain demographic groups, particularly those with lower socioeconomic status and specific racial or ethnic backgrounds, continue to experience higher rates of tobacco use. For instance, the percentage of tobacco use among males and females in California is 14.7 % and 7.2%, respectively. Similarly, 9.8% of Hispanic or Latino groups are using tobacco in different forms, while 15.8% tobacco prevalence is among the American Indian group (CDPH, 2022).

This persistent prevalence of smoking contributes to significant health burdens, including increased risks of lung cancer, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Ultimately, the consequences place strains on healthcare systems and diminish quality of life. Social and environmental factors, such as peer influence and exposure to tobacco advertising, shape individuals’ tobacco use behaviors. In contrast, policy interventions, such as tobacco taxes and smoke-free laws, have proven effective in reducing smoking rates (Mills et al., 2020). 

NURS FPX 4060 Assessment 1 Health Promotion Plan

While evidence-based interventions for tobacco cessation exist, there may be uncertainties regarding their effectiveness in diverse populations and contexts. Factors such as cultural beliefs, access to healthcare services, and individual motivations can influence the success of cessation efforts (Minian et al., 2020). The rapid proliferation of novel tobacco and nicotine products, such as e-cigarettes and vaping devices, introduces uncertainties regarding their long-term health effects and implications for tobacco control efforts. Moreover, while some individuals may use these products as cessation aids, others may transition to them or initiate tobacco use due to their perceived safety or appeal (Sapru et al., 2020).

Addressing tobacco use and cessation requires addressing underlying socioeconomic disparities that contribute to disparities in tobacco use prevalence and access to cessation resources. Overcoming these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the multifaceted determinants of tobacco use (Kastaun et al., 2020). Moreover, the plan must prioritize equity in access to cessation resources and leverage evidence-based strategies to promote tobacco-free communities and improve public health outcomes in California.

Why is Tobacco Cessation Important for the California Community and its Health Promotion?

Tobacco cessation is a critical health concern for the population of California due to its significant impact on public health and well-being. Despite the state’s reputation for progressive health policies, tobacco use remains a prevalent issue, particularly among certain demographic groups. According to data from the California Department of Health, approximately 1.8 million (6.2%) adults in California reported being current smokers in 2021, representing a considerable proportion of the population at risk of tobacco-related health consequences (CDPH, 2022). Moreover, smoking rates vary significantly across demographic factors, with disparities evident in terms of socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, and geographic location.

Additionally, the costs incurred by community members due to smoking are $13.29 billion annually. Furthermore, the productivity loss as a result of smoking tobacco incurs $10.35 billion in one year (Truth Initiative, 2022). Tobacco use in California has resulted in 45.8% of deaths from 2014 to 2019 due to cancers caused by smoking and other tobacco products (Maguire et al., 2022). These statistics demand a pressing need for tobacco cessation efforts in California to promote the well-being of the community.

NURS FPX 4060 Assessment 1 Health Promotion Plan

Furthermore, tobacco use exacerbates existing health disparities within California’s population. Vulnerable groups, including individuals with lower income levels, less education, and specific racial or ethnic backgrounds, are disproportionately affected by tobacco-related health consequences. A study reveals that smoking rates are higher among individuals with lower educational attainment and those living below the federal poverty level (Weinberger, 2022). Additionally, certain racial and ethnic minorities, such as American Indians/Alaska Natives and LGBTQ+ individuals, experience elevated rates of smoking and related health disparities (CDPH, 2022).

Disparities in access to tobacco cessation services persist in California, particularly among individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. Barriers such as lack of insurance coverage, limited healthcare access, and insufficient awareness of available programs hinder their ability to quit smoking. Additionally, geographic disparities exacerbate the issue, with rural and underserved areas lacking adequate healthcare facilities and cessation resources (Hirko et al., 2023). Addressing these disparities is crucial for reducing tobacco prevalence and improving public health outcomes statewide.

Individual Demographics

Jenny Rosemary, a 45-year-old Hispanic woman, embodies the challenges faced by many individuals in her community i.e. Los Angeles, California. Married with two teenage children, she works tirelessly as a cashier in a local grocery store, earning minimum wage to support her family. Despite completing high school, financial constraints prevented her from pursuing further education opportunities. The factors like low income and limited access to education contributed to tobacco addiction in the form of smoking. Cultural norms within the Hispanic community, where smoking is often normalized, further perpetuated her tobacco use. Additionally, the stress of financial instability pushed Jenny towards smoking as a coping mechanism. Considering these demographic details, Jenny requires a health promotion plan to address her tobacco use and promote tobacco cessation to improve her health.

Establishing SMART Goals for the Target Individual

In collaborating with Jenny on discussing her serious health concern relevant to tobacco use, we established the following three goals that are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-Bound (SMART):

Goal #1: By the end of three months (Time-Bound), Jenny will decrease her daily cigarette consumption (Specific, Relevant) from a pack to half a pack (Measurable) with the help and support of tobacco cessation program (Attainable) (Lee et al., 2021).

Goal #2: Over the next three months (Time-Bound), Jenny will attend weekly (Measurable) local free of cost tobacco cessation support (Specific, Attainable) to enhance health literacy and willingness to quit smoking (Relevant) (Pettigrew et al., 2020).

Goal #3: Jenny will identify and practice two (Measurable) alternative coping strategies (Specific, Attainable) with the help of tobacco cessation program for stress management (Relevant) and integrate them into her daily life within the next two months (Time-Bound) (Kosendiak et al., 2021).

The evaluation process for these goals will involve tracking Jenny’s progress through regular check-ins and monitoring her adherence to the specific targets outlined in each goal. Additionally, periodic assessments will be conducted to measure changes in Jenny’s smoking behavior, attendance at support group sessions, and adoption of alternative coping strategies for stress management, ensuring that the goals remain relevant and achievable within the designated timeframes.

Conclusion

In summary, crafting tailored SMART goals addressing socioeconomic and cultural factors is essential in promoting tobacco cessation among individuals like Jenny in Los Angeles, California. By implementing these goals, Jenny can navigate her tobacco addiction effectively, contributing to improved health outcomes within her community.

References

CDPH. (2022). California tobacco facts and figures 2022. California Department of Public Health. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CCDPHP/DCDIC/CTCB/CDPH%20Document%20Library/ResearchandEvaluation/FactsandFigures/CaliforniaTobaccoFactsAndFigures2022.pdf 

Hirko, K. A., Moore, P., An, L. C., & Hawley, S. T. (2023). Tobacco cessation motivations, preferences, and barriers among rural smokers: Implications for optimizing referrals in clinical practice. AJPM Focus, 2(1), 100057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focus.2022.100057 

Kastaun, S., Brown, J., & Kotz, D. (2020). Association between income and education with quit attempts, use of cessation aids, and short-term success in tobacco smokers: A social gradient analysis from a population-based cross-sectional household survey in Germany (DEBRA study). Addictive Behaviors, 111, 106553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106553 

Kosendiak, A., Król, M., Ściskalska, M., & Kepinska, M. (2021). The changes in stress coping, alcohol use, cigarette smoking and physical activity during COVID-19 related lockdown in medical students in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010302 

NURS FPX 4060 Assessment 1 Health Promotion Plan

Lee, I., Blackwell, A. K. M., Scollo, M., De-loyde, K., Morris, R. W., Pilling, M. A., Hollands, G. J., Wakefield, M., Munafò, M. R., & Marteau, T. M. (2021). Cigarette pack size and consumption: An adaptive randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11413-4 

Maguire, F. B., Movsisyan, A. S., Morris, C. R., Parikh-Patel, A., Keegan, T. H. M., & Tong, E. K. (2022). Evaluation of cancer deaths attributable to tobacco in california, 2014-2019. JAMA Network Open, 5(12), e2246651. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.46651 

Mills, S. D., Hao, Y., Ribisl, K. M., Wiesen, C. A., & Hassmiller Lich, K. (2020). The relationship between menthol cigarette use, smoking cessation, and relapse: Findings from waves 1 to 4 of the population assessment of tobacco and health study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 23(6). https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa212 

Minian, N., Corrin, T., Lingam, M., deRuiter, W. K., Rodak, T., Taylor, V. H., Manson, H., Dragonetti, R., Zawertailo, L., Melamed, O. C., Hahn, M., & Selby, P. (2020). Identifying contexts and mechanisms in multiple behavior change interventions affecting smoking cessation success: A rapid realist review. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08973-2 

Pettigrew, S., Jun, M., Roberts, I., Bullen, C., Nallaiah, K., & Rodgers, A. (2020). Preferences for tobacco cessation information and support during COVID-19. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(6), e362–e365. https://doi.org/10.1097/adm.0000000000000743 

NURS FPX 4060 Assessment 1 Health Promotion Plan

Sapru, S., Vardhan, M., Li, Q., Guo, Y., Li, X., & Saxena, D. (2020). E-cigarettes use in the United States: Reasons for use, perceptions, and effects on health. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09572-x 

Truth Initiative. (2022). Tobacco use in California 2021. Truthinitiative.org. https://truthinitiative.org/research-resources/smoking-region/tobacco-use-california-2021#:~:text=Smoking%2Drelated%20health%20care%20costs 

Weinberger, A. H. (2022). Socioeconomic status and tobacco use. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 24(6). https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac058