NURS FPX 6030 Assessment 6 Final Project Submission

Name

Capella university

NURS-FPX 6030 MSN Practicum and Capstone

Prof. Name

Date

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is caused by the inability of individuals to respond to insulin. It is more common among those who lead sedentary lifestyles and consume calorie-dense foods. This capstone project focuses on delivering tailored self-management skills through education among adult T2DM patients. The study will follow adult T2DM patients for six months. The primary goal was to improve adult T2DM patient conditions and medical care through better self-management skills. According to the findings, educational programs increase adult patients’ standard of life by increasing their understanding and awareness of healthy behaviors and their ability for self-management.

Adult patients who acquire self-management education show significant promotion in their health and adopt healthy eating habits compared to individuals with conventional treatment without specific education. Including telehealth services like mobile apps and telemedicine accelerates the instructional process for adult T2DM patients. Incorporating stakeholder opinions, state organization regulations, and ethical considerations improves the intervention plan. The research findings revealed that care practitioners enhance the health condition of adult T2DM patients by offering education to improve self-management and minimize hospitalizations. 

Introduction

The primary focus of the capstone project is to meet the complex needs of adult T2DM patients. T2DM is a common and demanding disorder that causes insulin resistance and harms various organs in the body. High death rates, low living quality, and severe economic and resource burdens on medical systems highlight the problem. It has been revealed that T2DM healthcare and associated repercussions comprise about 12% of worldwide health costs. T2DM caused 4.2 million deaths around the world in 2019. T2DM is the main trigger of roughly $720 billion in therapeutic costs (Garcia et al., 2020). The capstone project will focus on adult T2DM patients in a clinical environment. The capstone project centers on adult T2DM patients with complex healthcare demands. Self-management concerns substantially impact the population, leading to hospitalizations and increased complications (Sayuti et al., 2024). 

The intervention plan for adult T2DM patients is extensive, including a self-management education program. The effort intends to enhance self-care practices in T2DM patients by providing tailored education on self-management, encouraging adherence to therapy, symptom identification, and behavioral changes (Ernawati et al., 2021). The need to alleviate the suffering and poor quality of life encountered by adult T2DM patients requires the implementation of an intervention plan. Adults with T2DM confront daily challenges, including chronic tension and anxiety and an increased risk of psychological problems, including eating disorders (Visagie et al., 2023). Incorporating a self-care educational program enhances the quality of life while giving practical advice to improve eating habits among adult T2DM patients, improving health outcomes (Griffin et al., 2019).

The intervention strategy, which involves multidisciplinary collaboration among nurses, clinicians, dieticians, health instructors, and administrators, aims for effective interventions in the healthcare system (Shrestha et al., 2022). Incorporating nursing care models, state laws, and leadership tactics improves patient outcomes by encouraging medical practitioners to coordinate and work together. Education programs for T2DM patients increase knowledge and adjust lifestyle and eating habits, improving health (Ernawati et al., 2021). 

Furthermore, the evaluation strategy will track the intervention’s outcomes for six months. The evaluation plan measures the intervention’s influence on the health of adult T2DM patients through surveillance metrics such as glucose levels and Body Mass Index (BMI), and analyzing complication reduction and hospitalization rates. The survey approach will be used to acquire feedback and questionnaire data to analyze the intervention’s efficiency. Pre- and post-tests can be undertaken to examine the progress in knowledge, comprehension, and attitudes toward medicines and self-management among adult T2DM patients (Griffin et al., 2019).

Evaluation of the Best Available Evidence

In-depth literature research was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and PubMed databases to assess the intervention. The study focused on the educational programs’ impact on self-management and lifestyle modifications among adult T2DM patients. It significantly impacts standards of life, related complications, and hospitalization rates. The findings reveal that education programs improve patients’ self-management abilities and optimize their medical conditions through behavioral modification (Ernawati et al., 2021).

Problem Statement (PICOT)

In adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P), does implementing the patient education programs (I), compared to standard care without specific education (C), lead to improved self-management skills (O) over six months (T)?

Needs Assessment

The project addresses an essential gap in health promotion and healthcare improvement for adult T2DM patients. The key requirement is to adopt a comprehensive care solution with tailored self-management assistance delivered through educational programs. Patients benefit from educational initiatives beyond conventional T2DM patient care without specific education. Addressing this requirement is critical considering the complexities of T2DM care, where successful outcomes depend on the patient’s capacity to manage their illness through lifestyle adjustments and symptom surveillance. Addressing this requirement is critical because of the high rates of hospital readmissions and low standard of life encountered by adult T2DM patients, which is caused by inadequate self-management. 

The research of Powers et al. (2020), supports the urgency of this need. Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) deals with the extensive combination of medical, instructional, emotional, and behavioral elements of treatment required for regular self-care, offering a framework for assisting T2DM patients in self-care with precision and better outcomes. Similarly, Ernawati et al. (2021), illustrated that educational programs are crucial in motivating T2DM patients to adopt and sustain lifestyle alteration, enhancing their medical conditions.

It helps to improve the understanding, perspectives, and skills required for effective self-management. Furthermore, Tamiru et al. (2023), stressed the importance of nurses’ competence in educating T2DM patients, stating that nurse-led DSME can lower baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels. Furthermore, it substantially shifts in psychological outcomes, self-care behaviors, and physical outcomes. This evidence emphasizes the necessity of educational programs for managing T2DM through self-management skills. The basic assumption in this analysis is that education programs will result in improved health outcomes for T2DM patients.

Population and Settings

The capstone project focuses on the adult T2DM patient population who lack adequate self-care abilities to manage their health condition. This population is particularly affected by difficulties in self-managing their disease, which frequently leads to hospital readmissions. According to Gek et al. (2020), adult T2DM patients account for one-fifth of the 30-day unscheduled hospitalizations. It can be prevented by continuity of treatment and improved T2DM self-regulation. The significance of addressing this requirement among this population is exacerbated by the reality that adult T2DM patients have associated disorders like cardiovascular and renal diseases, making their care management significantly challenging. 

This project’s intended setting is outside the clinical setting, focusing on T2DM management beyond standard medical procedures. This setting is preferred because it provides a continuous care environment in which adult T2DM patients can receive regular education and assistance. It is critical for implementing interventions such as self-management education because they allow for direct and ongoing patient-medical staff interactions. It can enhance self-reported self-management and sugar regulation in T2DM patients (Power et al., 2020). However, interacting with this population brings hurdles, such as patients’ different degrees of health understanding, which can impair their ability to follow self-management guidelines, and linguistic and cultural difficulties. Overcoming these hurdles is critical to successfully executing the intervention to adequately address the target population’s indicated need (Sari et al., 2022).

Intervention Overview

The proposed intervention is to organize educational programs for adult T2DM patients to help them improve their self-management abilities. The educational and training programs benefit T2DM patients by increasing self-awareness of illness complications and fostering positive attitudes toward self-care. It is vital to increase T2DM patients’ awareness of illness management. Sayuti et al. (2024), claimed that diabetes education, such as the sharing of experiences and knowledge, helps T2DM patients feel better, can avoid issues by better managing their condition, lowers treatment costs, mitigates care-related errors, and ensures that T2DM patients embrace novel innovations.

The educational intervention is critical to enhancing the standards of care through disease management. Ernawati et al. (2021), asserted that individualized self-care awareness and education significantly boost self-care practices in T2DM patients. This education encompasses guidance on drug adherence, symptom detection, and lifestyle changes. However, the difficulties lie in personalizing education to accommodate diverse patient education and health levels, and the resource demand for tailored patient training.

Comparison of Approaches

An improved approach to offering efficient care to T2DM patients is the implementation of educational intervention in place of traditional care without specific education. The lack of education and patient awareness causes several issues during T2DM patients’ care. For example, a lack of health literacy results in non-adherence to care regimens. It ultimately leads to adverse consequences among T2DM patients. Lack of knowledge causes disease progression, hospital stays, mortality, and comorbidity (Mohebbi et al., 2022). Standard care without special education fails to adhere to T2DM patients’ clinical guidelines to reduce T2DM-related complexities.

It cannot boost self-management attitudes among T2DM individuals due to low health literacy. Efficient educational and training programs allow medical professionals to improve the knowledge of T2DM patients, aiding in coping with their medical condition. Such educational programs improve patients’ lifestyles and dietary modifications. It also assists in following these modification guidelines, improving the standard of life. These educational sessions strengthen their knowledge about their health condition, assisting them in making clinical decisions and improving health outcomes (Powers et al., 2020).

NURS FPX 6030 Assessment 6 Final Project Submission

Effective implementation of the educational intervention, including educational sessions, needs interprofessional collaboration. Interprofessional groups, including health professionals, health educationists, and nutritionists, are crucial in adopting the initial intervention. Medical professionals, including nurses and doctors, support the idea by educating T2DM patients about their health condition.

Health educationists play a role in bringing awareness about the consequences and complications of diseases (Shrestha et al., 2022). They also improve their self-care abilities through education. Moreover, dieticians aid in improving their dietary habits and lifestyle modifications, improving their self-management. The alternative addresses stakeholders’ requirements, such as T2DM patients, in medical care by increasing patient knowledge and education while decreasing illness consequences and hospitalizations. It advocates for a personalized care system in which practitioners raise patient awareness. This strategy improves patients’ results and satisfaction (Shrestha et al., 2022).

Initial Outcome 

The initial outcome is a significant enhancement in self-management skills over six months by conducting educational programs instead of standard care without specialized education. The goal of adopting the educational intervention is to enhance adult T2DM patients’ self-care abilities and ensure improved health outcomes. It primarily underscores the necessity for adhering to self-management guidelines and medication (Ernawati et al., 2021). Second, educational programs will transform patient care by improving the positive attitude of patients with T2DM toward lifestyle modification, reducing disease complications.  Improving patient’s health literacy improves their comprehension of their health status and offers a tailored therapy approach, promoting patient safety.

The educational programs, created to fulfill the urgency of the selected population, aim to enhance interaction among clinical professionals and patients to improve their engagement in clinical decision-making and adherence to lifestyle modifications (Power et al., 2020). Additionally, the outcome offers a benchmark for analyzing the intervention’s efficacy. Assessing the improvement in self-management skills of adult T2DM patients establishes precise objectives. The intervention’s efficacy can be calculated by considering patient health and hospitalization rates prior to and after execution through clinical and follow-up records (Ernawati et al., 2021).

Time Estimate 

An efficient time frame of six months is critical for creating and incorporating the intervention aimed at adult T2DM patients. The creation phase, encompassing preparation, resource allocation, and designing of intervention materials, is predicted to last three months. This phase entails creating tailored educational material. Given the intervention’s complications, this period is accurate, but adequate resources and stakeholder involvement can impact it. This phase’s hindrances include funding delays, lack of interaction with medical specialists, and insufficient training materials for T2DM patient demands.

The execution stage, encompassing actively incorporating the intervention into patients, is predicted for the last three months. The time enables the progressive adoption of intervention components, analyzing initial patient responses, and modifying educational material upon feedback. A six-month execution phase corresponds to the need for enough time to witness significant effects on patient outcomes, like health conditions and readmission rates. However, difficulties like patient commitment to the intervention can impact the time frame. 

Literature Review

The importance of implementing educational programs in T2DM patient care is evident from the literature. For instance, Świątoniowska et al. (2019), highlighted the significance of education in care regimen. T2DM education entails delivering knowledge and abilities and altering the T2DM individuals’ attitude, boosting motivation to follow care guidelines, enhancing the standard of life, forming collaboration within the care process, educating patients about wellness, promoting their comprehension of risk hazards, and improving their emotional health. Similarly, Lambrinou et al. (2019), asserted that, while caring for T2DM patients, self-management education and assistance are essential. Motivating patients is also crucial to achieving successful self-management through lifestyle modification.

Moreover, research conducted by Muchiri et al. (2021), illustrated that the Nutrition Education Program (NEP) significantly impacts T2DM patient care. Findings show that NEP reduces T2DM-related complications in the medical setting of South Africa. It aids in controlling blood glycemic levels and improves patients’ dietary habits. Okeyo et al. (2024), stated that T2DM care and awareness have been linked to improved health outcomes. T2DM patients who completed DSMES and those who continued to participate in educational programs experienced substantial decreases in mortality and A1C levels. According to research by Whitehouse et al. (2021), diabetes awareness and education aid participants in adopting best practices and decreasing medical expenses. Alharbi et al. (2023), highlighted the significance of educational programs in improving self-management skills.  DESM is an efficient strategy for improving the health outcomes of T2DM patients.

NURS FPX 6030 Assessment 6 Final Project Submission

Educational interventions improve the self-efficacy of patients. They support patients in changing their lifestyle habits. Managing glycemic levels is crucial to T2DM treatment and self-management. It can be accomplished through DESM because it is linked with improved health outcomes and mitigates medical costs. Through education, T2DM patient’s attitudes towards care regimens improve, effectively controlling medical conditions. The healthcare cost reductions linked to improved educational programs improved A1c among T2DM patients. It is expected to be reduced between $5.3 and $5.6 million in the healthcare system (Smith et al., 2021). Furthermore, Maryono et al. (2023), showed that nurses, through education, can improve T2DM patients’ comprehension, encourage lifestyle changes, and educate self-management approaches that promote improved glucose tolerance.  It can address misunderstandings, relieve anxieties and issues, and motivate T2DM individuals to participate actively in the treatment. 

Farzaei et al. (2023), illustrated that medical staff training is necessary to improve their skills and abilities to guide and provide adequate comprehension regarding T2DM patients’ medical condition. Nurses cannot improve patients’ skills to optimize their health without expertise. Lastly, Sharma et al. (2024), highlighted the significance of telehealth-based educational programs to improve the knowledge of T2DM patients. Leveraging technology to offer education using online platforms, mobile apps, or blended modalities promotes patient access and therapeutic outcomes, saves costs, and addresses gaps in healthcare. Findings show that medical technology for diabetes self-management training improved lifestyle habits, and drug adherence lowered A1C levels and medical expenses.

Intervention Plan

Intervention Plan Components

The intervention plan centers on enhancing the self-management skills of adult T2DM patients by incorporating intervention strategies. It is based on implementing educational intervention by conducting educational and awareness programs for T2DM patients to improve their attitude toward self-care. Self-regulation and educational awareness lead to a decrease in T2DM-related complications, enhancing life quality (Powers et al., 2020). The intervention approach addresses a critical need for T2DM patients’ health advocacy. Self-management education programs can minimize hospitalizations and illness complications in adult T2DM patients and increase self-management ability (Powers et al., 2020).

Self-management education intervention can improve T2DM patients’ willingness to follow self-care recommendations and medication, enhancing patient safety (Ernawati et al., 2021). Acquiring adequate illness information is a practical approach to avoiding potential consequences and improving overall health. It also aids in preventing diseases by changing patients’ behaviors and boosting T2DM patients’ self-care skills (Sayuti et al., 2024). The intervention approach assumes that the adult T2DM population is firmly ingrained in their cultural beliefs. It also presumes that including cultural factors in educational programs improves results.

Impact of Cultural Needs on the Intervention

T2DM patients’ varied ethnicities and cultures impose an integrated intervention strategy congruent with their core values. T2DM patients’ cultures have diverse ideas, opinions, and behaviors that affect their comprehension of T2DM and self-care, thus impacting their capacity to manage care. For instance, an African American declined to utilize insulin as it is culturally believed to induce complexities and organ harm. Moreover, using too much cold rice does not raise blood glucose. Marginalized T2DM patients prefer traditional therapies to contemporary medicine, as demonstrated in Mexico. It is also believed that cultural standards lead to ineffective self-care of health (Sari et al., 2022).

Addressing these customs and values is essential for nurses to develop culturally appropriate self-management solutions for their patients. Patients from varied cultural backgrounds must be encouraged with the necessary skills and information for self-care. Cultural awareness is essential for compassionate care to close this disparity. It allows caregivers to provide efficient care and education to a diverse T2DM patient population. To increase the effectiveness and value of the health plan, the intervention should be tailored to the awareness of T2DM patients (Alaofè et al., 2021).

It is anticipated that the adult T2DM population has profoundly ingrained cultural beliefs. Including cultural components in interventions is also assumed to improve T2DM patient care (Sari et al., 2022). The primary focus must be on research-based, culturally appropriate educational programs that will improve T2DM patient outcomes by increasing self-care attitude. To facilitate the acceptance of self-care practices, a collaborative effort involving doctors, patients, health educators, and cultural authorities is necessary (Alaofè et al., 2021).

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Models, Discipline Strategies, and Technology

The Health Belief Model (HBM) is an effective paradigm for improving self-management among adult T2DM patients. HBM asserted that health attitudes, views, and health behaviors are crucial to improve individuals’ self-management endeavors. It predicts awareness of self-care behavior and skills, such as complying with medication and lifestyle modification, which can improve the patient’s outcomes. However, the HBM fails to consider societal sentiments and behaviors that impact compliance with healthcare guidelines and self-management skills (Zare et al., 2020).

It is vital to assess the incorporation of Orem’s Self-Care Model in the intervention strategy. It provides a practical therapeutic guideline for developing and executing self-care concepts. It underlines that self-efficacy is vital, offering the ability to manage T2DM. It focuses on educating patients and encouraging self-care when managing adult T2DM patients. However, this model restricts care provision to certain T2DM patients with comorbidities and severe concerns regarding extensive care (Fereidooni et al., 2024).

Interventions from different disciplines, like cultural competence training, help care providers comprehend T2DM patients’ cultural preferences. It allows them to create culturally sensitive educational programs that fulfill their requirements. However, culturally appropriate intervention may be time-consuming and require extra assets (Alaofè et al., 2021). According to research, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) can be a successful strategy for increasing self-management in T2DM patients. Psychologists assist T2DM patients in discovering habitual negative beliefs, modifying thoughts, controlling emotions, and altering unhealthy behaviors. However, the CBT benefits in the self-care of T2DM patients are minimal (Visagie et al., 2023).

Telehealth solutions like telemedicine-based self-management programs assist in treating T2DM and avoiding progression. They provide individualized online awareness and guidance to address and foster inspiration and T2DM self-management in everyday life. The intervention can maintain HbA1c and Body Mass Index (BMI) in adult T2DM individuals (Agastiya et al., 2022). However, telemedicine demands a robust technical framework and T2DM patient expertise and knowledge. It can also overburden T2DM patients with complex schedules of sessions.

Justification of the Components of the Intervention

Evidence has demonstrated that knowledge is critical for improving patient outcomes and sustaining health in medical facilities and outpatient settings. Individuals’ awareness and comprehension are crucial for adhering to treatment plans and self-management since they aid in effectively managing their disease. T2DM patients require education to improve their understanding of self-management and drug adherence. Furthermore, self-management behaviors are needed to improve metabolic and insulin regulation in T2DM patients. It also aids in delaying the development of persistent issues (Velasco et al., 2019).

Powers et al. (2020), asserted that Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) addresses the intricate mix of medical, educative, sentimental, and behavioral counseling features required for efficient self-care, providing an approach for supporting T2DM patients in self-management and improving outcomes. Chaib et al. (2023), found that rehabilitative nutrition awareness programs help reverse and regulate T2DM by lowering HbA1c and BMI. Transforming patients’ habits by adjusting their meals through nutritional education sessions strengthens their standard of life while decreasing clinical costs. The evidence supports the intervention strategy’s goal of developing self-management abilities and emphasizes the importance of cultural sensitivity integration. Cultural awareness can bridge the cultural gaps (Alaofè et al., 2021).

Stakeholders, Policy, and Regulations

The intervention strategy intends to improve adult T2DM patients’ self-management skills. It involves stakeholders encompassing patients, health educators, caregivers, and administrators. Patients’ choices and concerns influence the educational interventions’s efficacy. Appropriate culturally relevant guidance, training, and frequent feedback are essential for caregivers to optimize the intervention (Ernawati et al., 2021). These criteria are crucial as they determine the intervention’s practicability, legitimacy, and efficacy.

Health laws and regulations can impact T2DM patient care. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations are crucial for counseling adult T2DM patients. They encouraged patients to boost their self-management skills to lessen the repercussions of T2DM. These guidelines underline the value of patient education in creating and maintaining tailored care. The guidelines propose that all T2DM patients receive self-management education after diagnosis and during care (Tamiru et al., 2023). Furthermore, The Healthy People 2030 policy promotes evidence-based guidelines to improve healthcare delivery, particularly T2DM patient awareness and training.

The guidelines focused on boosting patient understanding. It empowers T2DM patients to acquire the necessary competency and information to regulate their well-being. This is crucial for boosting health results for T2DM patients (Healthy People 2030, 2019). The underlying assumption is that medical policies substantially impact the self-care abilities of adult T2DM patients. Stakeholder participation is vital for the success of the intervention for T2DM patients. The intervention for T2DM patient education must include the American Diabetes Association and Healthy People 2030 guidelines for better outcomes.

Ethical and Legal Implications

Care providers and health educators are ethically and legally committed to maintaining T2DM patient anonymity while adopting values including autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. Caregivers must take strong precautions to protect patient information from unauthorized access during telemedicine-based education sessions. Based on autonomy, health practitioners should construct instructional materials that consider T2DM patients’ choices and needs (Varkey, 2021).

Implementing privacy safeguards and performing appropriate steps to prevent information breaches increase patient safety Telemedicine technology, such as online teaching platforms and mobile apps, successfully communicates awareness and guidelines to T2DM patients. Medical practitioners are required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) to confirm the privacy of the telemedicine system. Infractions of HIPAA while delivering telemedicine services can result in severe penalties, like sanctions and legal proceedings. It profoundly impacts patient care strategies (Rangachari et al., 2021).

Implementation Plan

Management and Leadership

The intervention strategy centers on building holistic care that implements educational programs to boost adult T2DM patients’ self-management skills, lowering health risks. Efficient interprofessional coordination and collaboration are critical for executing a self-care intervention plan that enhances the standard of life for adult T2DM patients (Nurchis et al., 2022). Transformational leadership, quality improvement management, best-practice-based procedures, and interdisciplinary coordination are required for successful plan execution. Transformational leaders can employ approaches like multidisciplinary training, compassion, respect, and frequent discussions to improve team understanding, establish cooperation, and efficiently solve challenges regarding intervention (Bornman & Louw, 2023). The intervention for improving self-management skills can be implemented through interdisciplinary collaboration, promoting teamwork, transparent communication, and feedback approaches (Griffin et al., 2019). 

Inter-Professional Collaborative Practice (IPCP) supports nurses to work with other care providers to recognize and address concerns during intervention execution, thus enhancing quality (Nurchis et al., 2022). Continuous nurse training and education can aid in improving self-care and medication adherence attitudes among patients by offering up-to-date approaches and efficient collaboration and communication skills (Nikitara et al., 2019). Evidence illustrates that efficient communication between patients and care professionals improves individualized care by raising education and awareness. Education programs provide tailored self-management skills for T2DM patients, enhancing their overall health (Ernawati et al., 2021).

Implications of Change

Intervention plans, including educational and awareness programs, can improve adult T2DM patients’ self-care abilities, regulating their medical condition. The proposed intervention has a significant effect on patient care by improving knowledge. It also improves the standard and care experience by improving self-management for T2DM patients (Sayuti et al., 2024). Self-care can boost patient safety and quality by providing expertise and encouraging open discussion. Evaluating suggested interventions’ potential advantages and risks is crucial to ensure that patients are fully informed and attain guidance during care plans. Educational intervention substantially impacts care personnel’s ability to manage and improve the quality of life of T2DM patients (Sayuti et al., 2024).

Transformational leaders and care providers should implement novel guidelines and tools for educational intervention, which can significantly impact their workflow and performance. To provide adequate care to T2DM patients, nurses and other personnel require more training and education to equip them with the expertise necessary for patient education. Telehealth solutions provide effective transitions for T2DM care, enabling patients to self-control and medication compliance through telemedicine-based instructional programs (Agastiya et al., 2022). Moreover, coordinated care education supports effective disease management and empowers patients to reduce readmission costs by strengthening their self-care skills. These financial assets can be used to achieve the changes to boost care standards and patient outcomes (Nurchis et al., 2022). More research is needed to assess the effect of change on stakeholders when implementing educational intervention programs for managing adult T2DM patients.

Delivery and Technology

Self-management education can be offered through various methods to assist T2DM patients in improving their self-care abilities and achieving improved health. Telehealth services provide online counseling and education sessions to T2DM patients, eliminating the distance between caregivers and patients and assuring convenient and individualized consultation (Agastiya et al., 2022). Training and educational workshops using mobile health technology can improve self-care and medication compliance by providing awareness about medical care approaches. For efficient knowledge delivery, multimedia instruction with videos is efficient for engaging T2DM patients and increasing uptake.

Videos using visual and auditory features offer knowledge of healthy food, regular exercise, self-monitoring sugar levels, and coping abilities. The m-health-based educational strategies can improve the availability of healthcare by lowering obstacles to receiving healthcare and improving the efficacy of therapies for T2DM patients (Leong et al., 2022). Technology like telemedicine is critical for offering care online and can help people with T2DM acquire rapid access to services like education and awareness. Telemedicine can help patients overcome hurdles to care, including geographic and transportation issues, by permitting them to communicate with caregivers online. They offer personalized online awareness and support to deal with complications and promote T2DM self-management.

However, there can be barriers to telemedicine acceptability, such as the need for healthcare professional training and assistance and the likelihood of technological and confidentiality issues (Agastiya et al., 2022). Health surveillance apps and software offer medical information and services, assisting T2DM patients in self-managing. These apps offer several services to T2DM patients, like guidance, tracking features, and support from care specialists. However, there can be difficulties in the accessibility and effectiveness of these apps and related security problems. Evaluating knowledge gaps and uncertainty is critical for improving the efficacy of the suggested delivery methods. The plan proposes an education using telemedicine solutions for T2DM self-care. However, it does not address success or security concerns. More studies are needed to assess the efficacy of telemedicine-based education in solving safety issues (Agastiya et al., 2022).

Stakeholders, Policy, and Regulations

Assessment of several stakeholders and legislative implications is critical for efficiently managing adult T2DM patients and enhancing self-care. It guarantees that the intervention plan is executed efficiently. An efficient intervention plan for adult T2DM patients encompasses stakeholders like patients, medical educators, health staff, policymakers, and executives to provide efficient self-care education (Shrestha et al., 2022). The intervention approach for T2DM patients must acknowledge all stakeholders’ opinions, concerns, and demands.

Patient needs and concerns, such as cultural considerations and health literacy level, impact educational program efficacy. To effectively implement intervention strategies, care providers must follow practical principles, provide culturally relevant education, and use feedback techniques for improvement. Stakeholder participation in executing educational interventions and subsequent feedback can assist alter the plan to their requirements and improve their well-being (Griffin et al., 2019).

NURS FPX 6030 Assessment 6 Final Project Submission

Developing an adult T2DM self-management skills improvement strategy with regulatory implications is crucial. Conformity with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), anonymity rules, and acquiring required approvals resulting in regulatory ramifications. Telehealth for educational intervention and improving self-care must follow state and federal anonymity, data security, and informed consent guidelines. Acknowledging and managing regulatory implications can help execute the intervention plan efficiently (Rangachari et al., 2021).

Federal groups, such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA), provide tools and support to help implement intervention initiatives successfully. They deliver educational and support resources to help the intervention plan influence more individuals effectively. The ADA guides patients to improve their ability to manage themselves, mitigating the effects of T2DM. Additionally, care practitioners can offer expertise, education, and assistance to T2DM patients to help them control their illness more effectively (ADA, 2024). 

Existing or New Policy Considerations

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid rules for T2DM care can help in implementing an intervention approach for T2DM patients. The ACA can support reducing clinical costs while ensuring that T2DM sufferers can access quality care. ACA and  Medicaid assist in enhancing T2DM evaluation, access to primary care, wellness services, drugs, behavioral health care, self-management, and cost savings in T2DM (Huguet et al., 2023). Policies can promote and impede the adoption of an intervention strategy for adult T2DM patients.

ACA regulation fails to train and support care providers in executing self-care interventions, impairing the intervention plan’s performance. Changes in Medicaid policy and coverage protocols can hinder the smooth implementation of intervention. For instance, legislative regulations imposed by the ACA can add compliance difficulties for care providers to educate T2DM patients, thus hampering the effortless execution of educational intervention programs. Identifying policy flaws is vital for successfully executing the T2DM patient education intervention strategy (Huguet et al., 2023).

Timeline

A six-month timeline is vital to develop a self-management education approach for adult T2DM patients. It comprises identifying and engaging stakeholders and performing needs analysis for intervention strategy. Ongoing assessment and surveillance can help identify relevant adjustments and ensure the intervention plan is carried out effectively. In the first two months, I intend to conduct a needs evaluation to establish T2DM patients’ health promotion desires and requirements. The third and fourth months are devoted to preparing, allocating resources, and designing educational material considering patients’ cultural needs and literacy levels.

I will analyze an initial T2DM patient response by introducing self-management education using specialized delivery channels such as live video presentations and online sessions. I intend to evaluate and revise the intervention in the final two months, depending on patient feedback. I will explore possible funding resources, oblige regulatory needs, and endeavor to ensure the continued effectiveness of the intervention strategy. 

Evaluation Plan

Defining Outcomes

The intervention strategy’s main objective is to improve health promotion for adult T2DM patients by increasing self-care abilities. Incorporating evidence-based approaches, such as self-management educational programs, leads to better patient outcomes. These programs target a critical need for T2DM patients’ well-being. Self-care educational programs are designed to mitigate hospitalization rates and complications of diabetes in adult T2DM patients. It improves their self-management abilities and living conditions (Griffin et al., 2019). Educational programs are critical in inspiring T2DM patients to undertake and stick to lifestyle changes that improve their health status. It contributes to developing the knowledge, opinions, and competencies needed to practice successful self-care.

It impacts T2DM patient outcomes by boosting self-care abilities. The plan can improve T2DM patients’ medical condition by reducing complications and changing their dietary choices (Ernawati et al., 2021). Furthermore, alternative outcomes and implications should be addressed. Several adult T2DM patients have a modest condition improvement with self-care, the challenge in controlling their disease, and demonstrate complicated signs due to comorbidities and psychosocial difficulties. Moreover, education programs have a different impact on individuals with low literacy, and the cultural diversity of patients must be considered (Alaofè et al., 2021).

Evaluation of Plan

The evaluation plan seeks to analyze the intervention’s effect on adult T2DM patients’ health by measuring health parameters such as glycemic level and Body Mass Index (BMI) changes and analyzing hospitalization rates and T2DM difficulty reduction. The intervention’s success in promoting health outcomes for T2DM patients through self-management will be assessed by employing a survey method that includes feedback and a questionnaire (Griffin et al., 2019).

The self-care education assessment plan will analyze how adult T2DM patients’ skills, expertise, and awareness of self-care changed during the educational programs. Indicators for success are the level of engagement with health-related activities, including seminars, health literacy lectures, behavioral change counseling, and nutritional education sessions (Chaib et al., 2023). Surveys of adult T2DM patients and caregivers can be used to get opinions about the educational program’s effectiveness. Pre- and post-test approaches can be employed to investigate changes in adult T2DM patients’ understanding, expertise, and perceptions about medication adherence and self-care before and after the educational program.

The pre-test strategy can be employed to determine benchmark data and identify aspects that require additional information. The post-test will measure changes in self-care behavior, attaining the intervention’s goals (Sayuti et al., 2024).  The assumption is that analyzing indicators for success and feedback will offer helpful evidence about the intervention’s efficacy and indicate possibilities for refinement. Caregivers can assess the education programs’ efficacy by evaluating adult T2DM patients’ awareness and self-care skills or lifestyle changes through engagement rate and pre-and post-tests (Sayuti et al., 2024).

Discussion

Advocacy