Category: NURS-FPX4000

Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 5 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective Prof. Name Date Healthcare Worker Shortages: Ethical Considerations and DEI Implications Overview of the Healthcare Workforce Crisis The global healthcare sector is facing a critical workforce shortage, particularly among nurses and physicians. This scarcity has significant implications for healthcare delivery, contributing to increased job stress, burnout, and elevated staff turnover. The absence of adequate staffing can also compromise patient safety, delay care delivery, and reduce treatment quality. Research has established a clear correlation between lower staffing ratios and increased patient mortality rates. For instance, a study in Switzerland demonstrated a 10% increase in the likelihood of patient deaths linked to diminished nurse staffing (Musy et al., 2021). In response, healthcare institutions are seeking multifaceted solutions, including improved compensation structures, favorable work environments, and expanded training opportunities. Moreover, emerging technologies such as telehealth and artificial intelligence are being leveraged to support workforce efficiency and optimize patient care delivery (Jonasdottir et al., 2022). Ethical Foundations and DEI Relevance in Workforce Strategy The shortage of healthcare professionals raises complex ethical concerns tied to the core principles of medical ethics—beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and autonomy. Beneficence demands actions that foster patient well-being, necessitating increased staffing to ensure safe and effective care. Nonmaleficence obliges healthcare leaders to prevent harm, such as errors arising from overworked staff. The principle of justice emphasizes equitable access to care, particularly for underserved and rural populations, who often experience the brunt of staffing shortfalls. Incorporating diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) into workforce planning is essential. By using tools like telemedicine, health systems can extend their reach to marginalized groups, thus promoting fairness and accessibility (Witter et al., 2021). Recruitment practices should also aim to increase minority representation in the workforce to better align with the diversity of patient populations. Strategic Responses and Implementation Barriers Addressing healthcare workforce deficits demands integrated efforts involving legislative support, financial investment, and technology. Strategies such as increasing salaries, offering better benefits, and creating incentive packages can help retain existing staff and attract new talent (Bae, 2023). Expanding access to nursing education and providing financial aid to underrepresented populations can foster a more inclusive and diverse healthcare workforce. Furthermore, integrating digital health tools like AI and telehealth can ease administrative burdens and improve service access in remote areas (Lasater et al., 2021). Nonetheless, implementation poses challenges, including budgetary limitations, organizational resistance to change, and concerns over data privacy. Therefore, successful strategies must prioritize sustainability, equity, and ethical governance. Table: Ethical and DEI Implications in Addressing Healthcare Workforce Shortages Category Key Issues Proposed Solutions Impact of Workforce Shortages Rising burnout and stress among staff Improve working environments and raise compensation   Elevated patient mortality rates due to inadequate staffing Expand nursing programs and offer education grants   Reduced healthcare access in underserved and rural regions Utilize telehealth solutions to reach remote populations Ethical Considerations Beneficence: Promoting positive outcomes for patients Increase staff levels to improve quality of care   Nonmaleficence: Avoiding harm from excessive workloads Balance workload through strategic staffing planning   Justice: Ensuring equitable treatment for all patients Prioritize diverse hiring and fair workforce distribution DEI Considerations Underrepresentation of minority healthcare professionals Launch scholarship and mentorship initiatives for diverse candidates   Inconsistent care access for marginalized communities Expand telemedicine to improve reach and accessibility   Uneven distribution of healthcare resources Enforce policies ensuring equitable allocation of healthcare personnel References Bae, S.-H. (2023). Comprehensive assessment of factors contributing to the actual turnover of newly licensed registered nurses working in acute care hospitals: A systematic review. BMC Nursing, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01190-3 Jonasdottir, S. K., Thordardottir, I., & Jonsdottir, T. (2022). Health professionals’ perspective towards challenges and opportunities of telehealth service provision: A scoping review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 167, 104862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104862 Lasater, K. B., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D., French, R., Martin, B., Alexander, M., & McHugh, M. D. (2021). Patient outcomes and cost savings associated with hospital safe nurse staffing legislation: An observational study. BMJ Open, 11(12), e052899. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052899 Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 5 Musy, S. N., Endrich, O., Leichtle, A. B., Griffiths, P., Nakas, C. T., & Simon, M. (2021). The association between nurse staffing and inpatient mortality: A shift-level retrospective longitudinal study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 120, 103950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103950 Witter, S., Herbst, C. H., Smitz, M., Balde, M. D., Magazi, I., & Zaman, R. U. (2021). How to attract and retain health workers in rural areas of a fragile state: Findings from a labour market survey in Guinea. PloS One, 16(12), e0245569. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245569 Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 5

Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective Prof. Name Date Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) and Ethics in Healthcare Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are foundational principles that shape ethical healthcare delivery. These elements address longstanding disparities by promoting fair treatment, representation, and access for all individuals, particularly those from historically underserved populations. Over the years, DEI initiatives have enriched patient care environments by promoting culturally competent practices and reducing institutional biases (Martinez et al., 2024). This analysis delves into the historical progress of DEI in healthcare, the implications of unconscious bias and microaggressions, and effective strategies that foster inclusivity within clinical settings. Historical Development and Impact of DEI in Healthcare The evolution of DEI in healthcare reflects a broader societal push toward equity and justice. Historically, marginalized communities experienced systemic discrimination in healthcare, resulting in poorer health outcomes and limited access to services (Martinez et al., 2024). Reforms such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and the implementation of the Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) standards have played a pivotal role in improving access to equitable care and reinforcing the commitment to patient-centered services. Healthcare institutions have embraced measures like inclusive hiring and implicit bias education to close care gaps. The Joint Commission’s standards on DEI have reinforced these efforts by formalizing equitable practices. Targeted interventions, particularly in maternal health, have aimed to mitigate mortality disparities among Black women through expanded interpreter services and bias training for providers (Shin et al., 2023). These strategies have led to improved patient trust, reduced health disparities, and enhanced healthcare outcomes across diverse populations. Understanding Unconscious Bias and Microaggressions Unconscious biases are automatic, deeply ingrained beliefs that influence behavior without conscious awareness. In healthcare, these biases often manifest as microaggressions—subtle yet harmful actions or comments that negatively impact patient-provider relationships. For example, providers might unconsciously question the reliability of a treatment plan adherence based on a patient’s racial or socioeconomic background (Meidert et al., 2023). Microaggressions can erode patient trust, discourage open communication, and create hostile environments. These behaviors often include dismissive language, assumptions about financial status, or a lack of cultural sensitivity in diagnoses and treatments (Desai et al., 2023). Tackling these issues through targeted education and training can help foster respectful and inclusive interactions, ultimately leading to better patient experiences and outcomes. Evidence-Based Strategies to Address Bias in Healthcare Healthcare systems are increasingly investing in structured programs aimed at dismantling implicit biases and promoting inclusive practices: Cultural Competency Education Program (CCEP): This initiative emphasizes education on diverse cultural backgrounds to strengthen patient-provider communication. Through real-world scenarios and interactive learning, healthcare professionals gain skills necessary for culturally respectful care (Rukadikar et al., 2022). Implicit Bias Awareness Program: Designed to enhance self-awareness, this program encourages healthcare providers to identify and mitigate their biases. It cultivates accountability and promotes objective clinical decision-making (Fricke et al., 2023). Health Equity Advocacy Program (HEAP): HEAP educates healthcare staff about the social determinants of health, equipping them to advocate for and implement equity-driven care models (UCLA Health, 2025). Inclusive Leadership Development Program (ILDP): Tailored for administrators, this program focuses on inclusive leadership and organizational change. It supports healthcare leaders in integrating DEI principles into systemic policies (Dewhirst, 2024). Influence of DEI on Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Outcomes The integration of DEI principles into clinical practice correlates with heightened patient satisfaction and improved clinical results. When providers deliver culturally sensitive care, patients report greater trust and adherence to treatment regimens (Rukadikar et al., 2022). Awareness and appreciation of cultural differences help foster personalized care that resonates with diverse patient needs. Moreover, inclusive environments enhance patient confidence in the healthcare system. Individuals who feel acknowledged and respected are more likely to communicate vital health information, which leads to accurate diagnoses and effective treatment plans (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021). Embedding DEI in clinical protocols ultimately ensures that all patients, regardless of background, receive high-quality, compassionate care. Conclusion DEI in healthcare is vital to building an inclusive, ethical, and patient-centered system. Recognizing the influence of unconscious bias and addressing microaggressions are critical to advancing equitable care. Structured training programs such as cultural competence education and bias awareness initiatives serve as effective tools to create inclusive clinical environments. Moving forward, continued efforts to promote DEI principles will be necessary to eliminate disparities and uphold the integrity of healthcare delivery. Table: Evidence-Based Strategies to Address Bias in Healthcare Category Description Clinical Application Cultural Competency Education Program (CCEP) Focuses on increasing awareness of cultural differences through training. Enhances communication, builds trust, and improves outcomes by honoring cultural values. Implicit Bias Awareness Program Teaches healthcare workers to recognize and mitigate unconscious biases. Encourages equitable decision-making and strengthens clinician-patient relationships. Health Equity Advocacy Program (HEAP) Educates providers on social determinants of health and structural disparities. Promotes health equity through advocacy and inclusive care practices. Inclusive Leadership Development Program (ILDP) Trains administrators to integrate DEI into institutional policies. Creates organizational frameworks that support equitable and diverse workforces. References Desai, V., Conte, A. H., Nguyen, V. T., Shin, P., Sudol, N. T., Hobbs, J., & Qiu, C. (2023). Veiled harm: Impacts of microaggressions on psychological safety and physician burnout. The Permanente Journal, 27(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/23.017 Dewhirst, E. (2024). Improving leadership development programs through the integration of act – ProQuest. ProQuest. https://search.proquest.com/openview/d9d3773a11900c4508948631c3bd3c3d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar\&cbl=18750\&diss=y Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Fricke, J., Siddique, S. M., Aysola, J., Cohen, M. E., & Mull, N. K. (2023). Healthcare worker implicit bias training and education: Rapid review. PubMed; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK600156/ Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: Barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC Nursing, 20(158), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2 Martinez, R. M., Taffe, R., & Alper, J. (2024). The history, evolution, and impact of diversity, equity, and inclusion, and health equity in health organizations and systems, public health, and government. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603467/ Meidert, U., Dönnges, G., Bucher, T., Wieber, F., & Grote, A. G. (2023). Unconscious bias among health professionals: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166569 Capella FPX 4000

Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Ethical Principles Understanding Food Insecurity Through an Ethical Lens Food Insecurity is a condition where individuals lack consistent access to enough nutritious food for a healthy life, affecting millions in the U.S. As of 2024, global hunger has remained persistently high for the third year in a row, with approximately 828 million people affected globally (WHO, 2022). Health Impact: Linked to chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and mental health issues—especially in vulnerable populations. Ethical Relevance: Food insecurity presents ethical challenges in healthcare, especially around fair access, harm reduction, and patient autonomy. Purpose: To explore how the four ethical principles and spheres of care guide nursing actions in addressing food insecurity. Autonomy and Food Insecurity Definition: Respecting a patient’s right to make informed decisions about their own health and well-being. Application: Individuals must be empowered to choose nutritious foods—but food insecurity limits choices. Cultural preferences are part of autonomy; food deserts force people to abandon cultural/religious diets. Nurses educate patients on nutrition, enabling informed choices within limited resources (World Bank, 2025). Example: A diabetic patient frequently hospitalized for poor diet improves after receiving education and food assistance support. Beneficence and Food Insecurity Definition: The duty to act in the best interest of the patient. Application: Nurses advocate for access to nutritious food to prevent illness. Referrals to food banks and SNAP support well-being. Dietary education helps manage diseases like diabetes and hypertension (Kumar et al., 2025). Example: A nurse links a malnourished patient to a food co-op, resulting in better energy and stability. Nonmaleficence and Food Insecurity Definition: “Do no harm”—avoid causing injury or suffering. Application: Ignoring food insecurity worsens chronic and mental health conditions. Providers must screen for food insecurity. Ensure food sources are safe and nutritious (Kumar et al., 2025). Example: A clinic uses routine screening to catch malnutrition in elderly patients early. Justice and Food Insecurity Definition: Fair distribution of healthcare and resources. Application: Equal access to healthy food for all patients, regardless of income. Low-income and minority groups face higher food insecurity. Nurses can advocate for expanding food assistance policies (Al Abosy et al., 2022). Example: A hospital partners with a nonprofit to distribute free meal boxes in underserved areas. Bias and Food Insecurity Definition: Preconceived judgments that affect clinical care. Application: Stigma: Patients may be seen as lazy or noncompliant. Impact: Can lead to underdiagnosed malnutrition or overlooked social factors. Ethical Conflict: Bias breaches Justice and Nonmaleficence principles. Example: A provider dismisses repeat admissions without realizing food insecurity is the cause (Gherman et al., 2022). Four Spheres of Care Wellness – Promote healthy lifestyles and prevent illness. Disease Prevention – Intervene early to avoid disease onset. Chronic Disease Management – Help manage long-term illnesses. Hospice/Palliative Care – Provide comfort-focused care for the seriously ill (Giddens & Mullaney, 2023). Chronic Disease Management & Ethics in Food Insecurity Autonomy: Patients need nutrition education and options aligned with values. Without food access, autonomy is limited. Beneficence: Nurses must help patients manage chronic illnesses through nutritional support (Knight & Fritz, 2021). Nonmaleficence: Uncontrolled conditions due to poor diet cause harm; early intervention is necessary. Justice: Ethical care demands fairness, especially in low-income communities. Address systemic barriers (Knight & Fritz, 2021). Nursing Action Example: A nurse screens a diabetic patient with uncontrolled hypertension and food access issues. The nurse coordinates SNAP enrollment, refers to low-sodium programs, connects with a dietitian, and provides culturally appropriate education—honoring all four ethical principles. Conclusion Ethical Framework Matters: Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice guide fair and compassionate care. Nursing’s Role Is Vital: Nurses are ethical advocates identifying and responding to food insecurity. Chronic Disease Link: Addressing food insecurity improves chronic illness outcomes and long-term wellness. References Al Abosy, J., Grossman, A., & Dong, K. R. (2022). Determinants and consequences of food and nutrition insecurity in justice-impacted populations. Current Nutrition Reports, 11(3), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-022-00421-4 Gherman, M. A., Arhiri, L., & Holman, A. C. (2022). Ageism and moral distress in nurses caring for older patients. Ethics & Behavior, 33(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2022.2072845 Giddens, J. F., & Mullaney, S. (2023). Incorporating the AACN essentials “spheres of care” into nursing curricula. Journal of Professional Nursing, 47(47), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2023.03.015 Knight, J. K., & Fritz, Z. (2021). Doctors have an ethical obligation to ask patients about food insecurity: What is stopping us? Journal of Medical Ethics, 48(10). https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2021-107409 Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Kumar, M. M., et al. (2025). The ethical value of universal screening for food security among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 76(2), 183–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.10.014 WHO. (2022). UN Report: Global hunger numbers rose to as many as 828 million in 2021. https://www.who.int/news/item/06-07-2022-un-report–global-hunger-numbers-rose-to-as-many-as-828-million-in-2021 World Bank. (2025). What is food security? https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-update/what-is-food-security

Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Research Spersistentkills One of the most critical and  challenges in the healthcare system is the effective management of chronic diseases. Conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease require continuous medical attention and active patient participation, placing significant demands on healthcare providers and systems. Nurses are uniquely positioned to address these challenges through patient education, continuous monitoring, care coordination, and the promotion of healthy behavior changes.  The professional relevance of this issue is substantial, as chronic diseases account for the majority of hospital admissions and healthcare-related expenditures. Wearable health technologies offer a transformative approach to supporting patient self-management by enabling real-time data collection and streamlining chronic care delivery across both inpatient and outpatient settings. Managing chronic diseases is a central concern in modern healthcare and a foundational aspect of professional nursing practice. These conditions require long-term strategies that go beyond episodic care, emphasizing the need for sustained patient education and lifestyle interventions. Nurses play a vital role in this process due to their consistent patient interactions, ability to integrate care across multidisciplinary teams, and expertise in empowering patients to take control of their own health. Effective chronic disease management improves patient outcomes, reduces hospital readmissions, and decreases healthcare costs—aligning directly with the core responsibilities of nurses in both clinical and community health settings. A deep understanding of this problem is essential for nursing professionals who lead initiatives in care planning, disease prevention, and the promotion of long-term wellness among diverse populations (Zangger et al., 2023). Article Selection Process The research process began by utilizing Capella University’s library databases to locate peer-reviewed articles focused on the management of chronic diseases and the use of wearable technology. Databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were accessed to gather recent studies published within the past five years. The keyword combinations used included: “chronic disease management,” “wearable devices,” “digital health,” “telemedicine,” and “self-management.” A rigorous selection process was followed, emphasizing peer-reviewed sources that were relevant to the nursing profession and demonstrated clear applicability to chronic illness care. Only articles written in English, published between 2020 and 2024, and containing empirical research findings were considered. All three selected articles met these criteria, ensuring both scholarly credibility and up-to-date relevance, with publication years ranging from 2022 to 2024. Each of the chosen studies contributes valuable insights to the topic. The first article by Mattison et al. (2022) presents a systematic review on the impact of wearable technology on health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. The second article by Jafleh et al. (2024) explores the broad application of wearables in monitoring and managing chronic conditions across various medical fields. The third article by Zangger et al. (2023) synthesizes data from over 130 randomized controlled trials to evaluate both the benefits and potential risks of digital health interventions that promote physical activity among individuals with chronic illnesses. All three articles reinforce evidence-based practice and offer strong relevance to modern nursing care. Assessing Credibility Credibility was established through a careful evaluation of each journal’s peer-review status, the qualifications of the authors, and the soundness of their research methodologies. All three sources originate from reputable medical or health journals and utilize systematic methods, including PRISMA protocols and meta-analytic techniques. Relevance was confirmed by each article’s direct alignment with the identified keywords and the central theme of chronic disease self-management, digital interventions, and patient outcomes. Assessing the validity of research sources is a crucial step in upholding the integrity of both academic scholarship and clinical decision-making. The authors of the selected articles possess advanced academic degrees and are affiliated with respected academic and medical institutions, reinforcing the credibility and scholarly merit of their work. Each article is published in a peer-reviewed journal with a clear mission to disseminate evidence-based and clinically applicable research—such as the Journal of Medical Internet Research and Cureus, both known for their focus on healthcare innovation and digital health technologies. The peer-review process itself—where independent experts rigorously assess submissions before publication—ensures adherence to high standards in research design, analysis, and practical relevance. Accessing these articles through the Capella University Library further guarantees that the sources are not only peer-reviewed and valid but also free from the commercial bias that can often be found on the open internet. The library’s access to high-quality academic databases supports nursing professionals in making informed clinical decisions grounded in current, reliable, and evidence-based research. Annotated Bibliographies Jafleh, E. A., Alnaqbi, F. A., Almaeeni, H. A., Faqeeh, S., Alzaabi, M. A., & Al Zaman, K. (2024). The role of wearable devices in chronic disease monitoring and patient care: A comprehensive review. Cureus, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.68921 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11461032/ This review examines wearable medical devices assisting in monitoring for chronic diseases in cardiology, endocrinology, and mental health. The authors detail how devices like continuous glucose monitors, smartwatches, and wristband blood pressure monitors contribute to enhanced real-time patient care and patient engagement. Their findings establish enhanced patient compliance, detection of the disease, and outcomes in rehabilitation, as well as management concerns about data accuracy, privacy, and cost. Jafleh et al. (2024) conclude wearables have the potential to transform managing chronic disease, as long as technological and ethical issues are addressed. This piece makes valuable contributions to our understanding of how such devices enhance outcomes and allow for individualized care. This paper was chosen due to its broad overview of wearable technologies in several chronic conditions, providing a wide perspective on their use in monitoring patients. The article helps my research because it highlights how real-time feedback and constant monitoring enhance adherence to patients and personalized care. It is consistent with how technology  can improve chronic disease self-management when used properly. The authors, however, cite continuous issues with data privacy, affordability, and device accuracy, which call for more innovation and regulation in wearable tech. Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 2 Mattison, G., Canfell, O., Forrester, D., Dobbins, C., Smith, D., Töyräs, J., & Sullivan, C. (2022). The influence of wearables on health care outcomes in chronic disease:

Capella FPX 4000 Assessment 1 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4000 Developing a Nursing Perspective Prof. Name Date