BSN - Capella Assessment

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 4 Stakeholder Presentation

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 4 Stakeholder Presentation Name Capella university NURS FPX 4010 Leading in Intrprof Practice Prof. Name Date Stakeholder Presentation Hello everyone, I am —-, and I am working as a nurse at Tampa General Hospital. Today, I will deliver my presentation targeting my stakeholder group of hospital administration and healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, IT specialists, and nurses. Let’s discuss the agenda for today. Agenda The following outlines will be discussed in this presentation: Organizational healthcare Issue Interdisciplinary team approach and its relevance Summary of the Interdisciplinary Plan Adoption and management of resources Evaluation and estimation Organizational Healthcare Issue The particular organizational issue that our hospital is experiencing is higher rates of medication errors. Medication errors occur regularly due to poor communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals and the ineffectiveness of medication safety policies. The staff needs help to conduct effective interdisciplinary team collaboration. All these factors result in medication errors, ultimately impacting patient safety and experience. Medication errors are a global healthcare issue causing adverse health and financial implications (Souza et al., 2019). Medication errors are avoidable adverse scenarios that can result in patient harm due to inappropriate use of medication. About 237 million medication errors occur annually, of which 68 million are clinically significant. Approximately 50-70.2 % of errors can be avoided by implementing safe medication management strategies (World Health Organization, 2022). Solving Medication Errors The audience should care about solving this organization’s issue as it directly impacts patient safety and the well-being of individuals. Drug errors contribute to additional treatment requirements due to patient harm. By preventing these errors, the safety of patients is enhanced, and the risk of adverse reactions can be minimized (Di Muzio et al., 2019). Solving medication errors can boost the quality of care provided to patients as they have a right to acquire safe care treatments and alleviate their ailments without further worsening their health conditions due to these errors (Tawfik et al., 2019). Patients’ trust in healthcare is eroded when there is a high prevalence of medication errors. By preventing medication errors, the audience can strengthen their trust and foster a positive relationship with healthcare professionals (Prentice et al., 2020). Lastly, the legal consequences and litigation can be prevented by complying with ethical standards and legal obligations of care treatments (Liu et al., 2020). Without addressing medication errors, patient harm can lead to death, legal consequences, and eroded trust in healthcare professionals. Interdisciplinary Team Approach and its Relevance The interdisciplinary team strategy is particularly relevant to address the issue of medication errors in several ways. Most medication errors occur due to poor collaboration and communication among healthcare professionals, conducting interdisciplinary team meetings, or using technology to facilitate communication among staff. This will prevent medication errors and promote patient safety. Interprofessional team members can identify the root causes and conduct comprehensive risk assessments (Manias et al., 2020). This leads to developing and implementing appropriate strategies to address those causes of medication errors. This approach also fosters an environment to promote continuity of care by addressing medication errors from prescription to administration stages. The interdisciplinary team can observe the holistic approach by examining the entire medication process and evaluating the social, psychological, and organizational factors contributing to these errors, such as communication breakdowns, system failures, and individual mistakes (Mieiro et al., 2019). Consequently, the team members can coordinate to target the factors and develop the right strategies. This will lead to improved health outcomes and achieve the goal of reducing medication errors (Souza et al., 2019). Interdisciplinary Plan Summary The interdisciplinary plan aims to diminish the number of medication adverse events and patient harm by efficiently integrating Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in our hospital. The absolute goal is to enhance patient safety and create a culture of continuous improvement aligning with the organizational outcome, i.e., patient satisfaction. Possibilities of Interdisciplinary Plan to Work Integration and implementation of EHR can address medication errors by adding customized features, including notification for potential drug interactions, medical reconciliation, and dose-checking qualities (Gildon et al., 2019). Providing adequate training to healthcare professionals on using EHR efficiently could reduce medication errors. Staff members will be better connected about patients’ health conditions and provide the proper medication to patients (DiAngi et al., 2019). The EHR will promote seamless and streamlined communication and can provide real-time updates on patient’s medication changes (Vos et al., 2020). Role of Interdisciplinary Team to Implement Plan The interdisciplinary team consisting of the hospital administrator, healthcare professionals including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, information technologists, and nurse informaticists and nurses will work together to execute the interdisciplinary plan to avoid medication errors. The hospital administrator will ensure that the healthcare workforce receives adequate training on the use of EHRs by IT technologists and nurse informaticists (Wilbanks & Aroke, 2020). The IT technologists and nurse informaticists will collaboratively select the vendor and supervise the integration of EHRs. Moreover, they will foresee any future modifications based on the results obtained to ensure continuous improvement. The healthcare workforce will be the primary users of EHR to promote medication safety. They will update medication-related changes in EHR to facilitate communication and collaboration (Robertson et al., 2022). Implementation of Interdisciplinary Plan An interdisciplinary plan will be implemented by following the PDSA cycle, which ensures continuous improvement in managing medication errors. The PDSA stands for Plan, Do, Study, Act cycle, which will help organizations in iterative testing and refinement of medication management (Moser et al., 2020). Following are the ways by which the PSDA cycle will help implement the interdisciplinary plan of installing and practically using the EHRs within healthcare organizations: Plan In this stage, the explicit goals for EHR integration will be defined, such as improving efficiency, reducing medication errors, enhancing quality of care, and meeting regulatory requirements. The goals will be specific, measurable, relevant, and time-bound. Moreover, the stakeholders primarily involved in medication management and requiring EHR use will be identified. These stakeholders will be healthcare professionals, IT personnel, and hospital administration (Carr et al., 2023). Lastly, the plan

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 3 Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 3 Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal Name Capella university NURS FPX 4010 Leading in Intrprof Practice Prof. Name Date Interdisciplinary Plan Proposal This assessment entails the development of an interdisciplinary plan proposal to address the prevailing issue of medication errors at Tampa General Hospital. This organization has been experiencing significant medication errors impacting patient safety and the healthcare organization’s reputation. The desired outcome of this plan will be enhanced patient safety, reduced length of stay at the hospital, and improved patient satisfaction and job satisfaction by minimizing medication errors. Objective To reduce the number of medication errors and patient harm by integrating Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in Tampa General Hospital. The plan aims to enhance patient safety, minimize adverse events, and foster a culture of continuous improvement, aligning the organizational outcomes of patient satisfaction. Questions and Predictions How can the implementation of EHRs be tailored to address medication errors specifically? Implementation of EHRs can contribute to a targeted approach for reducing medication errors by customizing the EHR features such as medication reconciliation tools, automated alerts or notifications for potential drug interactions, and dose-checking features (Gildon et al., 2019). What training methods and resources will be provided to healthcare professionals to ensure effective utilization of the EHR system for medication safety? The successful implementation of the EHR system within the organization will require adequate training programs, including hands-on workshops, educational brochures, online modules, and ongoing support from nurse informaticists. This will enhance their proficiency in EHR systems to prevent medication errors (DiAngi et al., 2019). How can EHR facilitate communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals involved in medication management? The EHR integration within the system promotes seamless communication by adding customized features of secure messaging, real-time updates on medication changes, and a centralized platform for communication (Vos et al., 2020). The literature has provided several methods to determine the success of the interdisciplinary plan for integrating EHR. For instance, comparing an organization’s performance or dashboard metrics of medication errors with national benchmarks can help evaluate the efficacy of using EHRs to reduce medication errors (Son et al., 2020). Similarly, utilizing the established outcome measures such as mortality rates, rate of adverse events, patient satisfaction, and average length of stay at hospital scores can assess the impact of interdisciplinary teams (Lake et al., 2019). Change Theories and Leadership Strategies Kotter’s 8-step Change Model (KCM) and transformation leadership can result in effective collaboration and increased buy-in for the plan. Sharing data and case studies highlighting the impact of medical errors on patient outcomes will trigger urgency among healthcare professionals to reduce these errors with enhanced collaboration and communication. (Gottwald & Lansdown, 2021). It will also help identify the key influences and leaders and foster the guiding coalition to ensure broad support. The KCM will create cross-functional teams to work on different aspects of the project plan to minimize medication errors and support safe medication management (Rampersad et al., 2023). Similarly, transformational leadership will inspire and motivate all interdisciplinary team members by articulating a shared vision of improving patient health outcomes and safety (Brown-Deveaux et al., 2021). It will leverage their ability to inspire and empower others and actively engage in its implementation by encouraging others. These strategies also address individual concerns and foster a culture of open communication about medication safety within the hospital. Ultimately, they help remove barriers to change and ensure a smoother implementation (Kim et al., 2019). The transformational leaders in three Finnish hospitals created a sense of urgency among all team members to provide patient-centered care and build a guiding coalition for safe medication management. The leaders then generated a pilot program after EHR integration and showcased improvements in patient experience scores (Lappalainen et al., 2019). Team Collaboration Strategy To effectively integrate and implement the EHRs within the organization, interdisciplinary team collaboration will be paramount. The information technologist and nurse informaticist will be responsible for vendor selection and integration of the EHR system within the hospital. The hospital administrator will be responsible for arranging adequate training sessions for other members and ensuring everyone is proficient in the use (Robertson et al., 2022). Physicians, pharmacists, and nurses will be active users of this technology in safely managing medication in all phases, from prescribing to administration. The specific collaboration approach necessary to achieve efficient working and the objective of this plan include joint training programs and regular collaborative meetings. The training program will focus on patient safety and reducing medication errors by providing education on using EHR effectively (Wilbanks & Aroke, 2020). Moreover, it will promote open communication to prevent misunderstandings regarding patient medication. This collaboration approach is undoubtedly relevant to the team’s need for education on using EHR and how to conduct open communication with team members on medication safety. Healthcare professionals require strategies to learn about clear and transparent communication to deliver medication to patients safely and minimize medication error (Reddy & Gupta, 2020). Interdisciplinary collaboration will drive success in the organization by providing coordinated care in medication management in the prescription, dispensing, and administration phases. This will reduce the likelihood of medication errors as all healthcare professionals utilize communication features on EHRs, enhancing patient safety (Runtu et al., 2019). This collaboration strategy was implemented in an inpatient eating disorder unit to prevent medication errors (Dukart, 2023). Required Organizational Resources The successful implementation of the proposed plan will require human and material resources. The staffing needs for EHR integration and implementation include roles and responsibilities of the project manager who oversees the entire integration of EHR, nurse informaticists for collaborating with IT specialists in customizing EHR, and assisting in training healthcare professionals in its efficient use. The quality assurance team will be required to monitor the effectiveness of EHR in reducing medication errors. Furthermore, administrators in the healthcare system will be required to disseminate policies on safe and secure sharing of patients’ health data (Rogers et al., 2022). The organization will also require hardware supplies such as computers, tablets, and other devices to support

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 2 Interview and Interdisciplinary Issue Identification

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 2 Interview and Interdisciplinary Issue Identification Name Capella university NURS FPX 4010 Leading in Intrprof Practice Prof. Name Date Interview Summary I am a registered nurse in my healthcare organization, Tampa General Hospital. Lately, I sat with my head nurse and conducted an interview on prevailing healthcare issues, which requires an interdisciplinary approach. Additionally, I used probing techniques to delve into detailed matters and seek clarification on ambiguous points. The head nurse informed that Tampa General Hospital has been facing a higher rate of medication errors, impacting patient safety and quality of care. She further informed me about her role and responsibilities, including overseeing nursing staff, delegating duties among nurses, and coordinating care. Upon delving further into the issues, the head nurse raised issues of poor communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals that resulted in several medication errors. She further informed that leadership had developed policies on double-checking and adequate communication to address the prevailing issue. However, the effectiveness of these policies was a point of discussion. The head nurse described that most of the nursing staff was not complying with policies, resulting in higher nurse turnover rates, ultimately leading to higher prevalence rates of medication errors in the healthcare system. The organizational culture required change as it could not foster an environment conducive to broad collaboration among multidisciplinary teams. She also mentioned that the hospital administrator conducted interdisciplinary team meetings to discuss the matter. Still, most members needed to show their presence due to time constraints and busy schedules at the hospital. In my interview, I used various strategies to gather enough information on the dominant healthcare issue in our organization. The strategies included in conducting interview are open-ended questions using What, Why, and How to elicit detailed and meaningful responses from the interviewee (Roberts, 2020). Issue Identification The interview with my head nurse helped me identify the issue of medication errors at Tampa General Hospital. Medication errors are preventable adverse events in prescribing, dispensing, and administering medications. This issue can be avoided by implementing an interdisciplinary team approach where physicians, pharmacists, and nurses must coordinate and administer drugs as per patients’ health needs (Wei et al., 2019). The multidisciplinary team approach can identify and address issues that lead to the onset of medication errors, such as communication breakdowns, system weaknesses, technological challenges, and human factors (Manias et al., 2020). By collaborating with an interdisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and information technologists, medical errors can be significantly reduced, well-informed communication is encouraged, and multifactorial issues can be collaboratively addressed. This will lead to implementing strategies targeting the underlying cause of medication errors (Rodziewicz & Hipskind, 2020). Change Theories That Could Lead to an Interdisciplinary Solution Kotter’s 8-step Change Model (KCM) is one of the change theories that could be applied to develop an interdisciplinary solution for addressing medication errors. This model is a structured framework to bring changes within organizations. In healthcare, this change theory developed by John Kotter can improve patient safety and reduce medication errors by using an interdisciplinary team approach (PonceVega & Williams, 2021). The steps involved in this change theory will convey the urgency of reducing and minimizing medication errors by gathering and presenting data on the prevalence and consequences of these errors. This will be followed by assembling an interdisciplinary team coalition to address medication errors. The leader will create a vision for change in the healthcare system with reduced medication errors by highlighting the roles of interdisciplinary team members to achieve the vision (Harrison et al., 2021). Furthermore, communication on sharing vision will be encouraged, emphasizing the shared responsibility of each member in diminishing these errors. The leader will assess barriers to interdisciplinary team collaboration and implement changes to promote interdisciplinary collaboration and communication. Lastly, the efficacy of these collaborative sessions will be evaluated, and changes will be reinforced within the organization (PonceVega & Williams, 2021). The KCM theory is relevant to medication errors as the evidence-based resource by PonceVega and Williams (2021) highlights the use of this model in improving patient safety by implementing this theory and resulting in. the minimization of medication errors. Furthermore, this source is credible as it was published within the last five years and mainly addresses patient safety affected by issues like medication errors. Leadership Strategies That Could Lead to an Interdisciplinary Solution Transformational leadership is one of the strategies that inspires and motivates team members to attain higher levels of performance within the organization. This leadership strategy can help healthcare organizations develop interdisciplinary solutions for reducing medication errors (Ystaas et al., 2023). When healthcare professionals are engaged in collaboration meetings, team leaders must foster a culture of mutual respect, open communication, and understanding to strengthen trust among team members. Furthermore, healthcare professionals must be encouraged to contribute ideas and solutions to improve interdisciplinary collaboration and reduce medication errors (Ystaas et al., 2023). A transformational leadership style will empower healthcare professionals to work towards a shared vision and goal of reducing medication errors. Transformational leadership comprising trust, motivational stimulus, and robust team lead role models will strengthen interdisciplinary team collaboration (Robbins & Davidhizar, 2020). The supported evidence by Ystaas et al. (2023) is credible as it is a systematic review published in the current year. Moreover, it is relevant to medication errors as the article delves into patient health outcomes improved by reduced medication errors due to this leadership strategy. Collaboration Approaches for Interdisciplinary Teams Strategic planning is required to establish an interdisciplinary team with a collaborative foundation. This planning requires defining clear objectives and goals, which in this case are reducing medication errors. This is followed by involving the appropriate team members, such as administrators, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and IT specialists, in interdisciplinary team collaboration. The team leaders are assigned to communicate leadership roles and responsibilities to reduce medication errors (Wei et al., 2019). They will also help clarify roles to prevent medication errors due to irresponsible behavior or lack of clarity. This also requires interdisciplinary training of team members to educate them on the significance

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 1 Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video

NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 1 Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video Name Capella university NURS FPX 4010 Leading in Intrprof Practice Prof. Name Date Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video Hello everyone, I am —— and today, in this video on collaboration and leadership, I will discuss my experience of interdisciplinary collaboration in the healthcare setting where I work as a registered nurse. I will also discuss the positives and negatives of my experience with interprofessional team collaboration. Additionally, I will explain how poor collaboration leads to inefficient management of human and financial resources. Moreover, I will highlight some leadership and collaboration strategies to enhance teamwork and improve patient healthcare outcomes. Interdisciplinary team collaboration is a strategic way of providing holistic care to patients requiring multifaceted care treatments. Patients with chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, stroke, etc., require care coordination from a multidisciplinary team approach. In this approach, a team of different disciplines meet and communicate together to create care plans for patients and deliver coordinated care of high quality (Flaherty & Bartels, 2019). This approach not only improves patient safety and health outcomes but also results in enhanced work productivity and job satisfaction. Furthermore, collaboration and communication within a multidisciplinary team foster a conducive environment for the healthcare workforce and patients. Therefore, healthcare organizations must integrate interdisciplinary team collaboration within systems to achieve desired patient health outcomes (Flaherty & Bartels, 2019). Interdisciplinary Collaboration Experience The interdisciplinary team of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, nutritionists, and physical therapists met on one fine day to discuss a diabetic patient’s case. This collaboration aimed to improve patient’s health outcomes and experience with the help of care coordination and patient-centered care. My experience had some successful and unsuccessful aspects in achieving the desired outcomes of this collaboration. The interdisciplinary team promoted effective and improved communication among team members where we discussed the patient’s care plan, patient education on diabetes, and providing Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support program. This collaboration also helped provide holistic and patient-centered care. The patient could acquire comprehensive care from all professionals, taking account of their emotional, physical, and psychosocial well-being. This collaboration also tapped into each member’s specialized knowledge and expertise regarding patients and enhanced interprofessional knowledge among team members. Lastly, the interprofessional collaboration experience enhanced patient satisfaction due to shared decision-making. NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 1 Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video While the interprofessional collaboration experience resulted in successful aspects, the team faced some challenges. One major challenge was conflict and resistance to changing traditional roles and practices. For instance, one of the team members did not agree with the idea of telehealth-based DSMES and required the patient to receive the program at the clinic. Furthermore, the time schedules were significant challenges which prevented a few members from attending the meeting. For improving future practices, some of my reflective nursing practices are team debriefing sessions to discuss the productivity of collaboration and prospective improvements that can be brought. Another way to improve future practice includes education and training to develop effective collaboration, communication, and conflict-resolution skills to navigate similar circumstances better. Poor Collaboration and Inefficient Management of Resources There were specific points in my interdisciplinary collaboration experience where poor collaboration led to inefficient management of human and financial resources. One significant challenge that led to poor collaboration was the need for clear communication among interdisciplinary team members (Khatri et al., 2023). Despite conducting regular meetings for multidisciplinary team collaboration on coordinating care for diabetic patients, some team members were not assertive in expressing their concerns and opinions clearly. Ultimately, the patient care provided was of sub-optimal value. Furthermore, the lack of agreements with pharmacists and other team members resulted in major conflicts and poor care coordination and collaboration (Khatri et al., 2023). This resulted in inefficient management of human resources as some team members wanted to care and coordinate while others were reluctant to make personal relationships with team members (Figueroa et al., 2019). NURS FPX 4010 Assessment 1 Collaboration and Leadership Reflection Video When healthcare professionals do not communicate clearly or express their concerns vaguely, there is a high risk of medical and treatment errors. This impacts patient safety and inefficient utilization of human efforts and financial resources, adding extra costs for additional treatments. Furthermore, the length of hospital stay also increases due to poor collaboration among interdisciplinary teams, which requires extra work hours for the healthcare workforce and additional financial resources to treat patients’ conditions (da Silva et al., 2021). Poor collaboration due to lack of leadership also results in low work productivity for healthcare professionals, and healthcare settings bear extra financial implications due to poor management (Figueroa et al., 2019). The ineffective collaboration within an interdisciplinary team causes various types of errors in treatment due to unclear roles and communication. This leads to burnout and stress among the healthcare workforce, ultimately causing high turnover rates (Flaherty & Bartels, 2019). Furthermore, poor collaboration impacts the work environment and results in absenteeism and a decline in high-quality care to patients. This leads to reduced patient safety and satisfaction. The financial implications of poor management are increased healthcare costs, litigation liabilities due to medical malpractice, overutilization of material resources due to poor care coordination, and missed opportunities to identify and implement cost-saving measures (Bachynsky, 2019). Leadership Strategies to Improve Interdisciplinary Team’s Ability Shared leadership is one of the best strategies employed in interdisciplinary team collaboration to enhance its ability to accomplish the desired goals (Aufegger et al., 2019). Shared leadership involves collective decision-making in interdisciplinary team collaboration and gives leadership responsibilities to all team members (Folkman et al., 2019). The rationale for selecting this strategy is that it builds an empowered team and fosters a culture of open communication and collaboration as every member takes ownership of his role. This leads to enhanced collaboration and promotes care coordination. Furthermore, shared leadership reduces hierarchy by equitable distribution of responsibilities, leading to enhanced team engagement (Janssens et al., 2021). Change management strategies, including raising awareness of the significance of collaboration in healthcare bring valuable health outcomes. One such strategy is the ADKAR model comprising stages of

Capella 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

Capella 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue Technology advancements have brought a revolution in the field of medical care, improving health outcomes. The use of technology, including Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and telehealth services, also causes severe challenges, such as patients’ data privacy and cyber-security (Siripurapu et al., 2023). Considering the sensitivity of medical information and the growing incidence of security breaches, this issue requires immediate attention and viable solutions. A comprehensive assessment of these aspects can reveal the problem’s detrimental effect on a patient’s safety (Paul et al., 2023). The assessment investigates the roots and nature of this issue. Furthermore, investigating the ethical implications will be essential to this investigation. The study attempts to provide a complete overview of the problems and opportunities presented by technological improvements to the medical field, highlighting the significance of balance between technological advancement and patient information protection. Explanation of the Health Care Problem Efficient management of patient records enables clinicians to organize and evaluate medical data in one database, which can then be shared with appropriate stakeholders. Despite continuous endeavors, the medical industry cannot uphold adequate privacy and security of data (Paul et al., 2023). Health information leaks have become an increasing problem in the medical system. Furthermore, data breaches cost healthcare organizations more than three times as much as other companies. Based on an International Business Machine (IBM) analysis, the standard expense associated with medical information breaches is about $7.1 million (Paul et al., 2023). The root causes of this problem include security flaws in EHR systems and telehealth services. Recent scholarly research highlights the problem of reconciling technological improvements for medical care with information security and privacy. Kaplan (2020), underlined the legal, social, and ethical implications of technology in medical care, particularly the adoption of telehealth services. The main challenges with using telehealth services are informed consent, data protection and confidentiality, incompetence and accountability, and regulation. Throughout technological advancements, ethical issues such as professional behavior and interactions, patient autonomy protection, multiculturalism, and the dignity of people system are frequently ignored. These characteristics significantly impact the standard of care and patient safety. Shah and Khan (2020), asserted the challenges related to EHR use. Clinical information is maintained electronically in an EHR, a hospital’s central data repository. Using EHR records for other uses without authorization raises privacy concerns. Sharing EHR records across departments exposes them to cyber threats and challenges in enforcing privacy regulations, as they can be shared with organizations regulated by regional laws. Individuals’ privacy can be significantly violated if private medical information in EHR is leaked and made public. Private information leakage causes financial strain. The evidence highlights the impact of digital technologies like telemedicine on healthcare, emphasizing the need for cybersecurity measures to protect patient data while advancing technologically (Arafa et al., 2023). Reasons Scholarly resources on difficulties associated with technological advancement are critical for identifying and comprehending the complex healthcare challenge. Scholarly studies provide knowledge about using EHR and telehealth services and distinguish them as preventable incidents at various levels (Shah & Khan, 2020). Their credibility is ensured by their publication in reputable, peer-reviewed publications, and their detailed analysis of various elements of healthcare technology directly confronts and illustrates the significant issue of protecting the confidentiality and safety of information with technological advances. This makes these resources vital assets for an in-depth knowledge of the issues and requirements in safeguarding medical information in advancing technology (Kaplan, 2020). Analysis and Causes of the Problem Breaches in medical data can be characterized as unlawful access or exposure of confidential medical data, which affects its confidentiality and safety (Seh et al., 2020). The healthcare subject under consideration is the issue of incorporating new technology like EHRs and telehealth into medical services while maintaining patient data confidentiality and safety. In medical care, technology advancement is critical for enhancing patient care but also poses substantial cybersecurity and privacy issues (Arafa et al., 2023). The research findings highlight that healthcare remains to bear the most significant cost of privacy breach, at $7.13 million, after accounting for incident management, lost revenue, and reporting costs. 8% of the breached healthcare organizations in the survey claimed that patient health information was affected (Veličković & Ćiraković, 2023). The sensitive nature of patient health information and the severe consequences of information breaches, such as identity theft and privacy violations, underscore the need for effective security initiatives in healthcare technologies (Pool et al., 2024). The issue affects a variety of stakeholders in the medical industry. Data breaches primarily affect healthcare practitioners who rely on these technologies to offer efficient patient care. Patients whose personal and sensitive health information is kept and handled by these systems are exposed to privacy breaches (Yan et al., 2023). Yaqoob et al. (2019), focused on this issue by identifying particular vulnerabilities in EHR privacy, such as inadequate authentication and access control procedures. These vulnerabilities can result in unwanted access to patient data, jeopardizing privacy and trust in healthcare services. Potential Solutions for the Problem The issue of security and confidentiality associated with technological advances necessitates an integrated strategy for preventing and reducing damage. Implementing privacy safeguards that leverage sophisticated authentication systems and medical professionals’ training increases patient safety (Javaid et al., 2023). Establishing extensive confidentiality and cybersecurity structures entails developing safety procedures, verification methods, encrypting data, attack-resistant platforms, and continuous evaluation methods. The strategy involves efficient data protection rules, advanced security technologies, and regular training for healthcare personnel, ensuring system resilience against evolving attacks (Jaime et al., 2023). Operational, technical, and architectural security measures, such as access controls, encryption, firewalls, and authorization, can prevent information breaches (Basil et al., 2022). Additionally, ongoing cybersecurity training and education for medical staff is crucial to promoting an information safety consciousness attitude. Professionals’ Information Security Awareness (ISA) approach enormously affects data protection practices and privacy and security policy adherence (Khando et al., 2021). Technology Assessment (TA), is one of the most well-known strategies for dealing with uncertainty, assessing conceptual knowledge related to the future repercussions of technology by examining and investigating ideas, designs, plans, or visions. This approach aids in evaluating challenges associated

Capella 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles

Capella 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Ethical Principles Ethical principles are regulations and guidelines that healthcare providers adopt to ensure patients’ safety and integrity. The necessity of finding an equilibrium between ethical standards and patient care can cause ethical quandaries for healthcare professionals (Evans et al., 2020). Ethical principles assist doctors and nurses in overcoming difficult situations, combining the pursuit of healthcare improvements with core values such as beneficence, justice, and autonomy (Akdeniz et al., 2021). Ethical issues arise because of disputes between ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and fairness (Evans et al., 2020). The assessment intends to highlight the crucial role of ethical principles in directing medical personnel to cope with ethical difficulties. Summary of Case Study The case study of Dr. Leonard Harper, a geneticist at Hillside Medical Center, and Mrs. Clara Bennett, a pregnant lady worried about hereditary diseases, highlights important ethical considerations about embryonic genetic examinations. The underlying ethical quandary is between patient autonomy and the need for open communication with medical professionals. However, Mrs. Clara Bennett makes her autonomy by requesting that Dr. Leonard Harper withhold the frustrating results of her infant’s suspected Down Syndrome from her husband. Dr. Harper faces a challenge in balancing patients’ wishes with the importance of open communication within a family. The case study underscores patient autonomy, privacy, and ethical decision-making in medical care (Capella University, n.d). Analysis of Case Study Peer-reviewed research on geneticists’ unique need for customer autonomy and open communication in decision-making shed a spotlight on Dr. Leonard Harper’s ethical dilemma with Mrs. Clara Bennett. Warton et al. (2023), underlined the importance of patient autonomy in making informed decisions, particularly regarding prenatal genetic testing. Respecting and understanding patients’ desires and preferences is critical, supporting them in making decisions about healthcare issues and building a collaborative relationship among patients and clinicians (Warton et al., 2023). This applies to Dr. Leonard Harper’s position, where Mrs. Clara Bennett wants to keep the genetic results of her fetus secret from her husband. Dr. Leonard Harper faces a dilemma about open communication and autonomy within the patient’s family. Dr. Leonard Harper is concerned about the strain this confidentiality can put on Mrs. Clara Bennett’s relationship and its implications for future medical decisions concerning the child’s health. Mattei et al. (2021), present a research study that investigates open communication among family members about ethical decision-making procedures in the context of prenatal genetic testing. Open communication between family members promotes mutual comprehension and facilitates collaborative decision-making regarding the genetic testing of prenatal children (Mattei et al., 2021). Capella 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles Mrs. Clara Bennett’s decision to keep information from her stressed husband complicates the dilemma, requiring ethical considerations of beneficence, open communication, and family consensus in decision-making. The research emphasizes the significance of open communication in soldiers’ families, highlighting that these circumstances significantly impact interpersonal interactions and decision-making (Kaye, 2023). Furthermore, it ensures that every participant is included in decision-making, establishing confidence and shared accountability and resulting in productive, beneficial decisions for the prenatal child. The rationale for selecting these studies is they meet the CRAAP criteria (currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose), used to find the credibility and accuracy of resources (Muis et al., 2022). Articles emphasize patient autonomy, open communication, and trust in genetic healthcare decision-making. They highlight the ethical importance of respecting individuals’ rights and building trust between patients and providers. Effectiveness of Communication Approaches The efficacy of communication strategies is critical in the moral dilemma addressed in the case study. Dr. Leonard Harper effectively communicates prenatal findings to Mrs. Clara Bennett privately, demonstrating competence and compassion and ensuring a respectful and effective discussion (Vanstone et al., 2019). Autonomy and confidentiality are medical ethics that promote patient confidence and foster relationships between patients and clinicians (Nishioka et al., 2019). Dr. Leonard Harper’s anonymity and sympathetic approach to Mrs. Clara Bennett are vital to efficient interaction. His ability to create a secure environment for Mrs. Clara Bennett to express her concerns without immediate criticism or stress acknowledges her autonomy and aligns with individualized care values (Stoll & Jackson, 2020). Employing effective communication tactics, Dr. Leonard Harper should practice sympathetic listening, provide comprehensive test results information, and advise Mrs. Clara Bennett on effective communication strategies for the family without compromising her autonomy. (Choe et al., 2019). A paternalistic interaction approach, in which medical personnel make decisions without involving and informing patients, should be prevented (Ponce et al., 2020). This strategy impacts patient autonomy, which could lead to disappointment and rejection of the medical system. However, Dr. Leonard Harper has to avoid enforcing his opinions on Mrs. Clara Bennett, which impacts patients’ decisions despite their desires (Mapes et al., 2019). Ethical Decision-Making Model The essential elements of the ethical decision-making paradigm are moral awareness, judgment, and behavior (Nguyen & Crossan, 2021). The first step is moral awareness, which is referred to as an individual’s capacity to identify moral nature and ethical dilemmas. In the case study, Dr. Harper exhibits moral awareness by identifying the ethical quandary of combining patient autonomy against the possible impact of inefficient communication on family relations. The next step is moral judgment, in which an individual forms and assesses the ethical justifications for the challenge, leading to alternative solutions (Small & Lew, 2019). Dr. Leonard Harper has shown moral judgment by organizing a private consultation to discuss the results. This in-person discussion enabled him to comprehend the patient’s viewpoint and assess the moral principle behind the situation. In the following phase, moral behavior refers to an individual’s intention to make an ethical decision (Small & Lew, 2019). In this scenario, his intentions to respect the patient’s autonomy by providing thorough knowledge of hazards and considering the possible effects of his actions on the patient and her family fall under the category of moral behavior. The geneticist’s competence in this final phase is defined by his capacity to comply with ethical commitments while minimizing concerns about the medical partnership (Andersson et al., 2022). Consequences of Using Effective and Non-Effective Approaches Ethical concepts like autonomy and open communication promote positive outcomes, fostering patients’ confidence, value, and satisfaction with

Capella 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills

Capella 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Library Research Skills Integrating health technology into a responsive health system can enhance care, creating unexpected consequences and novel challenges. Ensuring the security of technology and its application in healthcare settings has emerged as a significant concern (Kang et al., 2019). In 2022, a mean of 1.94 medical data breaches involving 500 or more patient information was recorded daily (HIPAA, 2024). The rapid rate of technological innovations in healthcare brings benefits to hospitals. It also causes difficulties, including challenges regarding patient information privacy, cyber-security, and the adoption of novel innovations in the clinical setting, resulting in compromised patient safety (Paul et al., 2023). This paper offers an overview of the peer-reviewed articles highlighting the challenges of health technology advancement. Professional Relevance During my nursing practice, I witnessed the challenges related to technological advancement in medical records using Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. One specific challenge I experienced in my health organization was a patient data breach affecting patient privacy due to the inadequate expertise of nurses in managing and documenting patient information in digital records. It resulted in severe penalties for the organization, harming its reputation. To prevent such privacy difficulties, conducting research-based studies and utilizing research skills in healthcare procedures is critical. Identifying Academic Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles I used many resources to research challenges for technology advancement and solutions, including Capella University Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect. I also used Boolean operators (AND and OR) to improve the search results. Screening results to peer-reviewed publications guaranteed that the selected literature was reliable and academically rigorous. I used search options with several keywords to find peer-reviewed journal publications. The terms frequently utilized were “technology advancement in healthcare,” “electronic health record,” “telemedicine,” “health informatics,” and “patient safety.” I also restricted the search to publications written within the last five years to ensure they were updated. Assessing Credibility and Relevance of Information Sources To consider the legitimacy and relevance of research-based resources, I used the CRAAP requirements. The CRAAP criteria, which include Currency, Relevance, Accuracy, Authority, and Purpose, is an evidence-based method researchers use to assess the legitimacy and relevance of research papers (Martiniuk et al., 2022). The articles chosen are current and have been published during the last five years. Peer-reviewed journal articles are pertinent, offering valuable insights into technological advancement challenges and intervention methods, while evidence-based sources provide accurate results. Furthermore, with medical backgrounds and skills, the authors provide vital insights into the progress of healthcare technology (Paul et al., 2023). These papers attempt to tackle technology-related issues in medical care, improving patient safety. Annotated Bibliography Basil, N. N., Ambe, S., Chukwuyem Ekhator, & Ekokobe Fonkem. (2022). Health Records Database and Inherent Security Concerns: A Review of the Literature. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30168 In this review article, the authors used a systematic analysis approach to highlight elements that promote the safety and confidentiality of health information, possible security breaches, and interventions to underlying security issues. Adopting technology, especially EHRs, stores private patient data, increases efficiency, and eliminates financial strain. The article illustrated the security risks that could jeopardize the confidentiality and secrecy of patients’ private information related to EHR. The authors suggested that adhering to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is critical for maintaining EHR confidentiality, privacy, security and increasing patient satisfaction and health outcomes. This paper provides strategies to improve patient data privacy. Interventions for securing medical records include administrative, technical, and physical protections, including access restrictions, firewalls, encryption, and authentication, to evade theft and electronic data breaches. This article is selected because of the mentioned measures that assist nurses in improving health record security and avoiding privacy intrusions. Furthermore, patient safety and satisfaction can be improved, and healthcare costs can be decreased. Capella 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills Ting, J., Garnett, A., & Donelle, L. (2021). Nursing education and training on electronic health record systems: An integrative review. Nurse Education in Practice, 55, 103168–103168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103168 This integrative review intends to illustrate interventions that can be employed to improve caregiver education and training on EHR systems. Poor knowledge and training can jeopardize the implementation of EHR and lower the quality of medical records. Lack of EHR knowledge could compromise patient privacy and medical data security. The authors advocate for implementing evidence-based nurse training and education strategies on EHR. The authors proposed training and instructional programs to improve EHR operation, patient satisfaction, and non-traditional techniques like digital learning, peer support, and simulation education. The article was selected as it highlighted the importance of effective EHR adoption and management strategies to prevent patient privacy breaches and other challenges. This article is valuable for healthcare organizations as it will help medical personnel implement educational interventions and improve technology-related nursing expertise. Mumtaz, H., Riaz, M. H., Wajid, H., Saqib, M., Zeeshan, M. H., Khan, S. E., & Vohra, L. I. (2023). Current challenges and potential solutions to the use of digital health technologies in evidence generation: a narrative review. Frontiers in Digital Health, 5, 1203945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2023.1203945 The authors of this research demonstrated the importance of technology assessment by focusing on clinical practice difficulties. The authors underscored that to employ digital healthcare technology safely and efficiently, evaluation must be prioritized using evidence-based clinical frameworks. Digital health integration presents challenges like information confidentiality, security concerns, and potential inconsistencies with patient needs and values. The authors suggested that robust systems, early patient collaboration, and modifications to medical systems are crucial to addressing challenges in digital health. Pilot trials and collaboration with clinical researchers are significant in developing cost-effective and practical digital medical technologies, ensuring equitable access and quality care. This review article is chosen as it offers healthcare professionals a valuable understanding of the operation of electronic medical technology by highlighting the challenges and difficulties. It will aid in improving the implementation plan of digital health technology. Capella 4000 Assessment 2 Applying Research Skills Tan, A., Wei Ling Chua, McKenna,

Capella 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty

Capella 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Academic Honesty Pledge I affirm that all work submitted for this course, as well as for any other courses, will be entirely my own. I pledge to act as the sole author of my work, ensuring that all content, including words, sentences, and paragraphs, is my original creation unless explicitly cited. Whenever necessary, I will use proper quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing techniques to credit the work of others appropriately. I understand that using any portion of a peer’s discussion post without proper citation constitutes plagiarism. Additionally, I acknowledge that duplicating a peer’s discussion post and making minor modifications to it is also a form of plagiarism. In maintaining academic honesty, I commit to notifying my instructor promptly if I observe another learner misrepresenting my work or the work of others. I recognize that upholding academic integrity is essential for the value of the Capella degree. When quoting directly, I will use quotation marks, provide relevant context, and follow APA guidelines for citations. This includes both in-text citations with page numbers and a complete reference list. For paraphrasing or summarizing external sources, I will ensure that citations are correctly included in the text and in the reference section. I will use distinct language and restructure the sentences to avoid directly copying the source. Capella 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty To maintain academic honesty, I commit to reviewing key resources such as “Academic Honesty & APA Style and Formatting,” University Policy 3.01.01: Academic Integrity and Honesty [PDF], “Maintaining Academic Honesty,” and “Avoiding Plagiarism.” I understand that failure to adhere to these principles constitutes a severe breach of academic integrity as outlined in Capella University’s policies. If an instructor identifies an act of academic dishonesty, I acknowledge that the following steps will be taken: Direct communication regarding the alleged violation. An opportunity to respond and provide evidence to refute the claim. Potential sanctions, including receiving zero points for the unit or a failing grade. Official reporting of the violation to the university. Should I have any questions or need clarification about this pledge, I will seek guidance from my instructor. By entering my full name below, I confirm my understanding and commitment to these principles as outlined by Capella University’s academic policies. Capella 4000 Assessment 1 Pledge of Academic Honesty

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue Staffing shortages are a widespread challenge in the healthcare sector. This issue refers to insufficient personnel, including healthcare professionals and support staff, to meet patient care requirements. These shortages can lead to compromised quality of care, augmented workload on existing staff, and difficulties in providing adequate patient care services. This analysis aims to analyze the issue and discuss potential solutions to address the concern. Moreover, we aim to present the ethical implications of these solutions in the healthcare landscape. Healthcare Problem or Issue Staffing shortages are a highly prevalent issue encountered by all healthcare facilities worldwide. The United States is projected to need approximately 124,000 primary care physicians by 2034 (Syed, 2023). Additionally, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) forecasts an increase of almost 6% in the employment rate for registered nurses over the next ten years (U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, 2023). These statistics indicate that the staffing shortages in the healthcare industry will continue for a longer time, resulting from a combination of complex factors. Staffing shortages can have severe consequences on patient care. While insufficient staffing levels may result in increased workloads for existing healthcare professionals, this negatively impacts the quality and safety of patient care, as overburdened staff may struggle to provide timely and thorough attention (Rosenberg, 2019). Some of the patient-related outcomes of these shortages are delays in medication administration, monitoring vital signs, and responding to emergencies. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue Moreover, this issue increases the risk of medical errors and adverse outcomes. Furthermore, it reduced patient satisfaction due to longer waiting times and decreased attention from healthcare providers. In extreme cases, staffing shortages can compromise access to essential services, delaying diagnoses and treatments (Winter et al., 2020). Generally, the consequences of staffing shortages challenge the core principles of effective healthcare delivery, emphasizing the urgent need for wide-ranging solutions to address workforce challenges in the healthcare sector. The resources used to elaborate on the healthcare issue are credible and relevant based on the CRAAP criteria (currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose). According to the criteria, these sources are up-to-date, provide relevant and reliable content, are authorized by credible journals and professional bodies, and provide accurate and well-supported claims. The purpose is to evaluate and analyze staffing shortages in the healthcare industry. They provide numerical data to stress the importance of addressing the challenge. Understanding these intricacies is crucial for policymakers, educators, and healthcare leaders. Moreover, these resources provide insights into effective solutions, emphasizing the need for sustainable initiatives to address staffing shortages and optimize patient care services. Analyze the Problem or Issue Staffing shortages in healthcare refer to insufficient healthcare professionals to meet demanding healthcare services. This pervasive issue occurs across various healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities. The context of this assessment stems from nursing practice where, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a shortage of healthcare professionals concerning the demands of the healthcare industry. These staffing shortages led to delayed treatment and monitoring and poor patient outcomes (Chervoni-Knapp, 2022). This problem is relevant to my profession because these staffing shortages are critical for nurses at the forefront of patient care. Insufficient staffing levels lead to extensive workloads, compromising the quality of care nurses can provide. This may result in burnout and job dissatisfaction, impacting nurses’ well-being and potentially affecting patient outcomes (Syed, 2023). Thus, as a nurse, it is crucial to understand the root causes of the problem and support leadership in implementing the changes to eradicate the pertinent patient care problem. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 4 Analyzing a Current Health Care Problem or Issue The stakeholders involved and affected by the staffing shortages issue include healthcare professionals, administrators, policymakers, educators, and patients. As stated earlier, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are directly impacted by increased workload, burnout, and complex work environments (Syed, 2023). Administrators and policymakers are responsible for planning the workforce, allocating the budget, and developing policies to address these shortages. Educators, however, play a crucial role in training and preparing the future healthcare professionals. They optimize training programs and prepare a qualified, well-trained workforce. Lastly, patients are directly impacted by staffing shortages, experiencing delayed care, longer waiting times, and potentially compromised quality of services (Rosenberg, 2019). According to Winter et al. (2020), shifts in patient characteristics, such as aging populations and increased chronic conditions, are some of the causes that exacerbate these shortages as the healthcare industry needs adequate human resources for diverse and changing healthcare challenges. Additionally, limited career progression opportunities and prolonged training periods hinder the development of a well-prepared healthcare workforce, affecting the rapid influx of new healthcare professionals. This creates a gap between patient care demands and the availability of human resources. Lastly, burnout and turnover stemming from the demanding nature of healthcare jobs contribute to a continuous cycle of recruitment and training, resulting in the need for more availability of existing staff (Winter et al., 2020). Potential Solutions Addressing staffing shortages in the healthcare sector requires a multifaceted approach. Some evidence-based solutions to combat the challenge involve investing in education and training programs, implementing comprehensive recruitment and retention strategies, and introducing digital and telehealth solutions. Investing in educational institutions to develop dedicated training programs is crucial to expand the healthcare workforce. The objective is to enhance the capacity of the healthcare workforce, addressing the shortages. Furthermore, leveraging technology and telehealth solutions can improve workflows, reduce administrative burdens, and enhance efficiency, potentially extenuating the impact of staffing shortages (Ye et al., 2023). Finally, robust recruitment and retention strategies are the most applicable and relevant solution. This analysis will mainly focus on the implementation of the last solution. Solution and Implementation The solution – recruitment and retention strategies can assist healthcare organizations in attracting and retaining qualified professionals by offering

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles

NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles Name Capella university NHS FPX 4000 Developing a Health Care Perspective Prof. Name Date Applying Ethical Principles Healthcare professionals, in any role within the field, must use ethical principles and values as the foundation for their clinical decisions. These principles include autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, non-maleficence, fairness, and justice. In this assessment, an ethical case study is analyzed, and a possible solution is proposed using an ethical decision-making model. This assessment will help us understand the moral values of healthcare and prepare a ground for further moral decision-making. Overview of the Case Study The case study is about a patient, Mr Alex Turner, 35 years old, who has been suffering from depression and anxiety for about six months. He is under the care of a clinical psychologist, Dr. Laura Simmons. Alex and Dr. Simmons have had a trustworthy relationship where the healthcare professional has always encouraged open communication. Because of this encouragement, Alex openly and honestly shares his deepest thoughts with Dr. Simmons. In one fine session, Alex shared his comprehensive plans and thoughts of harming his colleague with whom he has several personal and professional divergences. Facts of the Case Study This situation has led Dr. Simmons to encounter an ethical dilemma between patient confidentiality and beneficence/non-maleficence as crucial ethical principles in healthcare ethics. Confidentiality, critical to the patient-provider relationship, requires her to keep Alex’s thoughts private without sharing them with others. At the same time, beneficence/non-maleficence compels her to prevent harm to Alex and the people surrounding him. This circumstance is not only affecting the doctor but has a significant impact on Alex and his colleague, who is unaware of Alex’s plans. Along with the dispute between confidentiality and beneficence, the lack of appropriate guidelines for revealing information makes it difficult for psychologists and other healthcare professionals to decide when and how to disclose confidential information. An integrative review by Conlon et al. (2019) supports this analysis by presenting that disclosing patients’ confidential information is essential when a risk of harm is being assessed to protect patients and the people around them. This risk can be for self-harm or homicidal. However, an appropriate method of information disclosure is required to avoid violating the principle of confidentiality. Another literature review mentions that psychologists or mental health practitioners face several challenges related to the sharing of information when they foresee a risk of violence. In such situations, understating the risk behaviors and making appropriate adjustments in mental health practices can assist professionals in combating the challenges. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles Nevertheless, the primary goal should be preventing harm and protecting the client and their surroundings (Brooks, 2021). These peer-reviewed journal articles are credible and relevant as they are published in authorized journals, and the authors of the articles are well-versed in the mental health domain. The articles briefly present the study’s claims and limitations while mentioning the requirements for future studies. It is relevant because the articles are about the disclosure of confidential information and how sharing of information by mental health professionals is vital to protect the risk of violence, which is directly related to our case study. Thus, these sources can be used to develop a solution for Alex and Dr. Simmons’ case study. Effective Communication Approach Used in the Case Study The communication approaches in the case study are open and honest communication and active listening. Dr. Simmons has developed a therapeutic relationship with her patient using open and honest communication. This method of communication is effective in building rapport with the patients and gaining their trust. A study uncovered that communication in an effective way is essential for building trust and delivering patient-centered care (Asan et al., 2021). In the case study, Alex was encouraged to discuss his thoughts on homicide through open, direct, and honest communication. Another effective communication approach is active listening. Dr. Simmons actively listens to Alex, demonstrating empathy and understanding. Ricks and Brannon (2023) emphasize that active listening is a ground skill that assists mental health practitioners in building effective relationships with patients and engaging them in conversation. This approach enables patients to share their feelings, thoughts, and experiences with the providers and gives providers a sense of understanding and paraphrasing their client’s messages. Similarly, in the case study, Dr. Simmons’ enthusiastic listening to Alex made him feel valued and invigorated him to continue sharing his thoughts about harming his colleague. In contrast, communication approaches that should be avoided are dismissing the patient’s thoughts. This act from healthcare providers makes patients feel invalidated and disregards their feelings and autonomy. Other approaches that should be avoided are being judgmental of their feelings and expressing personal opinions. Therapists should focus on providing support through research-based evidence and guidance rather than expressing their personal views. Ethical Decision-Making Model and Case Study In the case study, the actions undertaken by Dr. Simmons demonstrate her approach to effective communication and ethical decision-making. The possible approach used by Dr. Simmons is based on three components of the ethical decision-making model: moral awareness (identifying the concern), moral judgment (gathering information), and ethical behavior (ethically sound solution). Initially, she recognized the ruthlessness of her patient’s homicidal thoughts and considered it an ethical dilemma because of a conflict between patient confidentiality and beneficence/non-maleficence. In the second step, she established a therapeutic relationship with the client using an open and honest communication approach to gather maximum information about the patient’s feelings and ideation. Furthermore, her possible actions would be considering alternatives for the patient to ease his homicidal thoughts, such as involving crisis intervention services, family involvement, or directly informing Alex’s colleague. She would perform a risk-benefit analysis considering the consequences of each action and accordingly make a decision. Such a decision can prioritize the principle of non-maleficence and prevent potential harm to the patient as his colleague. NHS FPX 4000 Assessment 3 Applying Ethical Principles As per her decision, she will implement an ethically sound action to resolve the dilemma and maintain her relationship

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