Category: BSN

Capella FPX 4055 Assessment 4 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4055 Optimizing Population Health through Community Practice Prof. Name Date Health Promotion Plan Presentation Good day, everyone. I am _____, and I appreciate the presence of our valued community partners for this vital session. Today’s presentation addresses the prevention of adolescent substance use among youth aged 12 to 18 in Rowan County, particularly in the communities of Salisbury and Landis. We will examine the dangers of substance misuse, the necessity for early intervention, and methods for empowering youth to make healthier decisions. Additionally, we will share actionable tools for encouraging communication, managing stress, and directing teens to available community resources. This presentation is structured around SMART goals and aligns with the Healthy People 2030 national health objectives. Presentation Overview This session includes the following: Presenting key statistics on substance use, related risks, and associated health issues. Discussing the impact of drugs and alcohol on adolescent well-being and school success. Empowering participants to identify early warning signs of substance use. Building communication skills to encourage dialogue with trusted adults. Involving attendees in interactive exercises like role-plays and stress-relief practices. Evaluating understanding, attitudes, and confidence through quizzes and surveys. Understanding Substance Abuse and Its Consequences Substance misuse among adolescents is a pressing issue, especially in rural locations such as Rowan County, North Carolina. Although national surveys offer some insight, they often do not capture local realities. According to available regional data, the adolescent substance use rate in Rowan County is approximately 47.1%—an alarming statistic indicating increased risk in this population (Rowan County, 2021). Contributing factors in towns like Salisbury and Landis include low-income levels, unstable family environments, inadequate mental health services, and a lack of safe recreational spaces, all of which elevate the potential for harmful behaviors (Lee et al., 2024). The consequences of early substance use extend beyond immediate health issues. It is linked with chronic conditions such as anxiety, depression, poor school performance, and risky behaviors like unsafe sex and driving under the influence (Lee et al., 2024). Substance use during adolescence may interfere with neurological development, particularly in brain areas tied to judgment and self-regulation. Early education and access to resources are crucial for prevention, especially in underserved rural communities where healthcare and support systems are limited (Horigian et al., 2020). Table 1: Local Socioeconomic Indicators and Substance Abuse Risk (Rowan County, 2021) Indicator Value Implications for Adolescents Substance Use Rate 47.1% Elevated risk of addiction and behavioral issues Average Household Income $49,842 Financial stress may impact access to health services Food Insecurity 22% Nutritional deficiencies may affect mental and physical health Children Under 19 with Free Healthcare 5.6% Limited access to preventative care Importance of Early Prevention in Adolescence Preventing substance use during adolescence significantly enhances long-term health outcomes. Adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 are particularly susceptible to long-term harm due to the developmental stage of their brains (Tapert & Shumate, 2022). Substance use can hinder cognitive processes, emotional stability, and academic performance. Benefits of prevention include: Protection of Brain Development: Preventing substance use reduces interference in brain areas responsible for memory and decision-making. Improved Academic Outcomes: Students avoiding substances often perform better academically. Lower Addiction Risk: Early education can prevent the progression to addiction. Enhanced Social Bonds: Youth who abstain are more likely to maintain positive relationships. Reduction in Criminal Behavior: Avoiding substances reduces the risk of engaging in illegal activities. Stronger Communities: Prevention efforts reduce emergency healthcare use and improve public safety (Rowan County, 2021). Strategies for Effective Prevention Communication Engaging adolescents in meaningful discussions about substance use involves tactful and informed approaches: Use of Reliable Evidence: Present data from organizations like the CDC or SAMHSA to reinforce the benefits of early prevention (Horigian et al., 2020). Encouraging Dialogue with Open-Ended Questions: Posing thoughtful questions such as “What might make you feel pressured to try substances?” helps open communication (Kratovil et al., 2023). Debunking Substance Use Myths: Clarifying misconceptions such as “experimentation is harmless” empowers youth to make informed choices (Lee et al., 2024). SMART Goals Developed for This Session The following SMART goals were established with participants to guide and measure the session’s effectiveness: SMART Goal Evaluation Method 85% of participants, including Jason, will identify four health risks of drug use. Post-session quiz 60% of participants will feel confident discussing substance use with family and peers. Communication role-play feedback 100% of participants will use at least two stress management techniques. Group practice and self-assessment These goals aim to equip participants with the tools and confidence necessary for making healthy lifestyle decisions. Session Outcomes Based on SMART Goals The session outcomes aligned closely with our SMART goals: Goal 1: Achieved. 85% of attendees successfully identified key risks related to substance use. Goal 2: Near goal. 60% expressed readiness for conversations, though some hesitancy remained. Goal 3: Surpassed. 100% of participants learned and used stress-reduction techniques like breathing exercises. Need for Further Improvements Although the session was impactful, several improvements were identified: Communication Readiness: Some teens needed more preparation before engaging in difficult conversations. Application of Stress Techniques: A few participants required ongoing support to effectively apply stress-reduction methods. Recommended Enhancements: Include simulated family discussions to practice communication skills. Add more guided role-play focused on addressing drug myths. Offer structured follow-up sessions to reinforce skills and offer additional support (Gu et al., 2021). Feedback from participants emphasized the session’s value. Jason remarked, “I’ve realized how much stress I face, and I now know better ways to manage it without turning to drugs.” Another participant shared, “Before this, I didn’t know how to talk to my parents. Now I feel more prepared.” Table 2: Participant Feedback and Suggested Enhancements Observation Suggested Change Hesitancy in conversation Include parent-teen dialogue practices Lack of confidence with coping techniques Increase hands-on stress management sessions Request for continued support Provide ongoing peer or digital follow-up resources Evaluation Based on Healthy People 2030 Objectives This program contributed to meeting Healthy People 2030 goals related to reducing adolescent substance use. Participants demonstrated increased awareness of health consequences, and many improved their coping and communication abilities (Callaghan et

Capella FPX 4055 Assessment 3 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4055 Optimizing Population Health through Community Practice Prof. Name Date Disaster Recovery Plan: Determinants of Health and Barriers Health Risks Among the Elderly Population In Valley City, individuals aged 65 and older represent approximately 22% of the community. Many among this group have complex medical needs, including mobility limitations and chronic conditions, which require ongoing management and support, particularly in disaster scenarios. The need for specialized services during emergencies underscores the vulnerability of this aging population. Challenges Faced by Persons with Disabilities Roughly 147 residents live with hearing or speech impairments and depend on American Sign Language (ASL) or lip-reading for communication. Their safety becomes a critical concern during disasters that lead to power outages or disrupt communication systems, as these impair their ability to receive vital information. Cultural and Linguistic Barriers A small yet growing Latino demographic (3%) in Valley City includes undocumented individuals who face both linguistic and cultural barriers. Limited proficiency in English and fear of deportation can prevent them from seeking aid or understanding emergency protocols during disasters. Economic Pressures and Public Safety Limitations Ongoing financial constraints have led to staffing reductions in essential public safety roles, including police and fire departments. This has weakened the city’s disaster response infrastructure and reduced its ability to manage large-scale emergencies effectively. Healthcare System Constraints The Valley City Regional Hospital is operating at nearly full capacity, with 97 out of 105 beds occupied. Outdated equipment and financial limitations impede the facility’s ability to adapt to surge demands during disaster events, further compounding vulnerabilities. Interrelationships Among Determinants and Barriers Access Challenges for Vulnerable Groups The elderly and individuals with disabilities encounter numerous obstacles in evacuating or receiving care during emergencies. Many shelters and care facilities lack the infrastructure to support these populations adequately (Kleinman et al., 2021). Linguistic and Immigration-Related Hesitancy Language differences and fear of legal consequences deter undocumented residents from accessing emergency resources, despite their heightened vulnerability (Dadson et al., 2024). Diminished Capacity of Emergency Services Budgetary reductions have adversely impacted police and fire departments, limiting the availability of personnel and equipment necessary for a coordinated emergency response (Dadson et al., 2024). Insufficient Shelter for the Homeless Shelters in Valley City are frequently overcrowded, leaving many individuals experiencing homelessness without safe refuge or transportation during disasters (Dadson et al., 2024). Healthcare Shortages and Socioeconomic Inequities Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, along with economic and cultural disparities, increases the risk for poor outcomes among low-income and culturally diverse populations (Lee et al., 2022). Promoting Health Equity Through a Culturally Sensitive Recovery Plan Planning with an Equity Lens Centering recovery efforts around health equity helps mitigate the disparities seen among socially vulnerable populations (Kleinman et al., 2021). Tailored Strategies for Aging Adults Disaster plans should incorporate mobile health units, develop partnerships with long-term care facilities, and implement specific evacuation protocols to meet the needs of older adults (Kleinman et al., 2021). Recognition of Social Vulnerability The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classifies Valley City as socially vulnerable due to factors such as age, disability status, poverty, and homelessness (CDC, 2024a). Inclusive and Culturally Responsive Communication Emergency communication efforts should be multilingual and culturally appropriate to overcome barriers related to language and trust (CDC, 2024a). Recovery Aid for Economically Disadvantaged Groups U.S. Census data highlights that economically disadvantaged and less-educated residents experience longer recovery periods unless specific support mechanisms are implemented (Census Bureau, 2023). Ethical Care Distribution A just recovery strategy involves culturally competent care teams and equitable allocation of recovery resources (Census Bureau, 2023). Policy and CERC Framework in Recovery Role of Public Policy Effective disaster recovery in Valley City depends heavily on inclusive and accessible government policies that prioritize vulnerable populations (ADA, 2021). ADA Compliance and Accessibility The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that shelters and communication strategies accommodate individuals with disabilities, an essential consideration for the city’s elderly and hearing-impaired residents (ADA, 2021). Importance of Inclusive Messaging through CERC The Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework emphasizes empathy and inclusiveness. Previous lapses, such as during a train derailment, underline the need for improvement in these areas (Hostetter & Naser, 2022). Federal Support via the Stafford Act The Stafford Act enables federal assistance for disaster declarations, healthcare surges, and infrastructure restoration, offering essential backing for Valley City’s recovery (FEMA, 2021). Monitoring and Transparency Provisions under the Stafford Act require detailed tracking of disease outbreaks, housing conditions, and at-risk populations to ensure accountability (FEMA, 2021). Building Resilience Through DRRA The Disaster Recovery Reform Act (DRRA) of 2018 focuses on proactive investment in community resilience, such as infrastructure upgrades and clean water access (FEMA, 2021). Communication Strategies and Interprofessional Collaboration Application of the CERC Framework Employing the CERC approach ensures timely, clear, and community-specific communication, particularly valuable for diverse populations (CDC, 2024b). Multi-Channel Emergency Alerts Messages should be delivered in multiple formats—text, audio, and visual—to reach individuals with sensory disabilities and limited English proficiency (Lloyd, 2023). Unified Emergency Leadership Establishing shared leadership structures across fire, police, and healthcare services fosters cohesion and consistency in emergency response (Abbas & Miller, 2025). Integrated Disaster Planning Centralized planning and shared resource management reduce confusion and enhance response efficiency (Aldao et al., 2021). Outreach to Underserved Populations Training culturally competent outreach workers and navigators can improve support for marginalized groups such as seniors, the homeless, and individuals with disabilities (Aldao et al., 2021). Table: Summary of Determinants, Barriers, and Recovery Strategies Determinant/Barrier Impact Recovery Strategy Source Aging Population Limited mobility and chronic care needs during disasters Mobile health units, evacuation planning Kleinman et al., 2021 Disabilities Communication issues during outages ADA-compliant alerts and shelters ADA, 2021 Language and Immigration Fear and language barriers inhibit access to help Multilingual outreach, trust-building CDC, 2024a; Dadson et al., 2024 Economic Instability Reduced public safety capacity Cross-agency collaboration and federal aid Abbas & Miller, 2025; FEMA, 2021 Strained Healthcare System Limited surge capacity, outdated tools DRRA funding, infrastructure upgrades Lee et al., 2022; FEMA, 2021 Homelessness Overcrowded shelters,

Capella FPX 4055 Assessment 2 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4055 Optimizing Population Health through Community Practice Prof. Name Date Community Resources Local Support and Disaster Response in Louisiana In coastal Louisiana, the role of local nonprofits and governmental agencies is vital for safeguarding public health and safety. Among these entities, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is especially significant. Initially founded by President Jimmy Carter in 1979 and integrated into the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in 2003, FEMA is well known for its disaster relief operations (FEMA, 2021a). This is particularly relevant in Louisiana, where frequent hurricanes threaten communities. FEMA collaborates with grassroots organizations to provide emergency services, restore damaged infrastructure, and ensure public safety during and after disasters. Mission and Vision of FEMA Operational Goals and Emergency Readiness FEMA is comprised of over 20,000 professionals nationwide working collectively to manage emergency responses before, during, and after disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires, floods, and health emergencies. The agency aims to reduce disaster-related risks, protect lives, and secure properties across affected regions (FEMA, 2023). For example, after Hurricane Laura devastated parts of Louisiana in 2020, FEMA initiated immediate evacuations, established emergency shelters, and distributed essential supplies such as food and water. The agency also collaborated with state and local partners to rehabilitate damaged schools, hospitals, and homes—demonstrating its ongoing commitment to rebuilding and resilience (FEMA, 2025). Provision of Equal Opportunity and Improved Quality of Life Overcoming Social, Cultural, Economic, and Physical Obstacles Hurricane Laura revealed how entrenched socioeconomic and structural challenges impede recovery efforts in coastal regions. Many residents faced evacuation difficulties due to poverty, limited healthcare access, unstable housing, and inadequate transportation. These factors delayed access to emergency services and hindered recovery (FEMA, 2022). Although FEMA endeavors to serve all populations equally, certain marginalized groups remain underserved. To address this, the agency implemented the Equity Action Plan, focusing on inclusive services, equitable distribution of aid, and collaboration with local communities. During Hurricane Laura, FEMA operated mobile disaster recovery units, shared multilingual information, and partnered with local nonprofits. However, persistent issues—like delayed aid and community distrust—highlight the need for improved outreach and infrastructure (Davis et al., 2021). Table 1 Barriers to Disaster Recovery and FEMA’s Equity Initiatives Barrier Type Examples FEMA’s Response Strategy Social & Cultural Language barriers, lack of trust in agencies Multilingual communication, community-based partnerships Economic Low-income households, job insecurity Financial assistance, equitable resource distribution Physical & Infrastructure Damaged roads, hospitals, housing Infrastructure repairs, mobile service units Health Access Limited transportation to healthcare facilities Emergency healthcare services, coordination with health agencies Impact of Funding, Policy, and Legislation Legal and Financial Framework Shaping FEMA’s Operations FEMA’s capacity to assist disaster-stricken communities relies heavily on its allocated budget, federal policy guidelines, and applicable legal frameworks. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) determines FEMA’s funding, which is critical for programs like the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Public Assistance Grant (PAG)—both of which fund essential rebuilding and mitigation initiatives (Congressional Budget Office, 2022). Insufficient or delayed funding can significantly slow response and recovery operations. Additionally, FEMA follows the State, Local, and Tribal Mitigation Planning Policy, which requires local authorities to identify risks and propose preventive strategies. Examples include constructing stronger flood defenses and upgrading evacuation systems (Amini & Memari, 2021). FEMA’s authority also derives from the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, which supports intergovernmental coordination and insurance access. Nevertheless, low-income and non-English-speaking populations often struggle to meet eligibility requirements, hindering their access to aid (Stovall, 2021). Impact of FEMA on Community Health and Safety Collaborations with Health Systems and Public Safety Measures FEMA’s disaster response strategies prioritize public health by coordinating with federal and local health agencies. In anticipation of hurricanes along Louisiana’s coast, FEMA collaborates with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) through the Health and Social Services Recovery Support Function (HSSRSF). This partnership aims to restore public health services, maintain access to critical medications, and support emergency response staff (FEMA, 2021b). In the aftermath of Hurricane Laura, FEMA and HHS ensured emergency medical care was provided, food and water safety was maintained, and damaged healthcare facilities were rehabilitated. Nurses played a crucial role in these efforts, delivering lifesaving care such as CPR, triage, and mental health support. These professionals also helped establish disaster recovery centers that offered psychological support and continued health monitoring for affected individuals (Flaubert et al., 2021). Conclusion In conclusion, FEMA’s work in Louisiana highlights its critical role in enhancing community resilience, health, and safety in times of disaster. Through collaborations with local organizations, healthcare systems, and government agencies, FEMA supports affected populations with infrastructure repair, emergency services, and equitable recovery initiatives. However, continued challenges—including social inequities, damaged infrastructure, and public distrust—underscore the need for ongoing reforms. A more integrated and community-focused approach will further FEMA’s mission to serve and protect all individuals in disaster-prone areas. References Amini, M., & Memari, A. M. (2021). Comparative review and assessment of various flood retrofit methods for low-rise residential buildings in coastal areas. Natural Hazards Review, 22(3), 04021009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000464 Congressional Budget Office. (2022, November). FEMA’s disaster relief fund: Budgetary history and projections. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58420 Davis, C., Berke, P., Holloman, E., Griffard, M., Haynes, S., Johnson, E., Warraich, Z., Crisostomo-Morales, L., Golda, D., Benissan, G., Gillespy, C., Butterfield, W., & Rakes, E. (2021). Support strategies for socially marginalized neighborhoods likely impacted by natural hazards: Coastal Resilience Center. https://naturalhazardsresiliencecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Support-Strategies-for-Socially-Marginalized-Neighborhoods-1.pdf FEMA. (2021a, January). History of FEMA. https://www.fema.gov/about/history#:~:text=Creation%20of%20FEMA FEMA. (2021b, March 18). Health and social services recovery support function. https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/health-and-social-services-recovery-support-function FEMA. (2022, October). Equity. https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/national-preparedness/equity Capella FPX 4055 Assessment 2 FEMA. (2023). FEMA at a glance. https://www.fema.gov/fact-sheet/fema-glance FEMA. (2025). Hurricane Laura recovery efforts through one year. https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20250602/hurricane-laura-recovery-efforts-through-one-year Flaubert, J. L., Menestrel, S. L., Williams, D. R., & Wakefield, M. K. (2021). Nurses in disaster preparedness and public health emergency response. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK573904/ Stovall, S. (2021). Emergency management laws and mandates: What drives emergency management planning and policy? In Emergency Management Planning (pp. 91–105). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315118345-6

Capella FPX 4055 Assessment 1 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4055 Optimizing Population Health through Community Practice Prof. Name Date Health Promotion Plan Adolescent Substance Use in Rowan County Substance misuse among adolescents aged 12 to 18 has critical implications for their physical, mental, and social development. This health promotion initiative specifically targets youth residing in Rowan County, North Carolina, with a primary focus on the towns of Landis and Salisbury. The objective is to lower substance use rates among this age group by raising awareness of potential risks, enhancing education, teaching healthy coping mechanisms, and linking adolescents to local support resources. Community Demographics and Influencing Factors Adolescent substance abuse continues to be a pressing issue within Rowan County. While the population predominantly consists of white families, teens in the area face similar social and emotional challenges experienced nationwide—such as economic instability, familial stress, and limited access to mental health services. The 2019 American Community Survey highlighted that the county’s median household income was $49,842, with food insecurity affecting 22% of residents. Moreover, only 5.6% of individuals under 19 had access to free healthcare services during that time (Rowan County, 2021). These figures underscore significant barriers to receiving adequate support, particularly due to limited transportation, financial constraints, and stigma associated with seeking care. Local data specific to teen substance use remains limited, often relying on broader national statistics. Nonetheless, the estimated local usage rate is 47.1%, with trends indicating increasing drug use among youth in rural settings (Rowan County, 2021). These findings reveal an urgent need for tailored, culturally sensitive education and prevention strategies that respond to the community’s unique needs and barriers. Community Profile and Relation to Adolescent Needs Characteristics of the Target Population The intended audience for this health promotion plan comprises adolescents aged 12 to 18 living in Rowan County, a predominantly rural region located in North Carolina’s Piedmont area. Similar to other rural counties, Rowan experiences multiple systemic barriers that hinder youth development—particularly regarding substance use. Adolescents living in low-income households are at greater risk due to reduced access to health and social services, employment opportunities, and mental health care. Local schools often lack adequate funding to implement effective prevention and education programs. Limited public transportation further complicates access to essential services, especially behavioral health support designed for youth. As a result, many teenagers experience isolation and psychological stress, increasing their vulnerability to substance misuse. Education attainment levels are also lower in this region, narrowing opportunities for socioeconomic improvement and resilience building. These concerns reflect broader patterns of adolescent substance use observed throughout rural North Carolina and across the U.S. According to the Rural Health Information Hub (2024), youth in rural regions face a heightened risk of substance use due to scarce preventive programs and healthcare resources. Therefore, understanding local obstacles can guide the creation of more impactful health promotion strategies tailored to adolescent needs. Substance Abuse Prevention Significance Addressing Local Health Risks Substance use among Rowan County adolescents poses considerable threats to individual health and community well-being. Consistent with national findings, youth in rural areas like Rowan are more likely to experiment with or develop dependencies on alcohol and drugs compared to their urban peers (Lee et al., 2024). Early use can contribute to academic struggles, risky behaviors, co-occurring mental health conditions, and chronic illness in adulthood. Socioeconomic disparities, family instability, and limited access to health education contribute to elevated substance use rates in the region. Although comprehensive data on local teen use is scarce, existing evidence shows that structural challenges—such as lack of culturally appropriate care and trained mental health professionals—exacerbate these risks. Stigma and mistrust in healthcare systems further discourage adolescents from seeking help (Mardani et al., 2023). Effective prevention requires combining education, peer support, and community engagement. Programs designed to reflect local values and experiences in towns like Landis and Salisbury are more likely to resonate with youth. Respectful and inclusive promotion strategies can empower teens to make informed decisions, develop coping skills, and foster a healthier, more resilient community. SMART Health Goals for Substance Abuse Prevention Case-Based Planning and Evaluation Jason Miller, a 14-year-old from Landis, serves as a case example to inform the design of prevention strategies. Jason’s family recently experienced a separation, leading him to feelings of isolation and experimentation with substances. Noticing changes in his behavior and academic performance, school staff connected Jason to a local youth program that offers counseling and preventive services. This situation illustrates the need for goal-driven, evidence-based interventions to support vulnerable teens. The following SMART goals were developed to structure a one-hour educational session for adolescents like Jason. These goals aim to improve knowledge, encourage open communication, and teach coping techniques. Session outcomes will be measured through pre- and post-surveys to assess effectiveness. SMART Goals Table SMART Goal Description Goal 1: Increase Risk Awareness Specific: By session end, 85% of participants (including Jason) will identify four health risks associated with substance use (e.g., addiction, mental illness, academic decline, accidents).Measurable: A post-session quiz will assess comprehension.Achievable: Delivered through visual media, discussions, and group activities.Relevant: Builds foundational knowledge for informed choices.Time-bound: Assessed immediately after the one-hour session. Goal 2: Encourage Dialogue Specific: At least 60% of participants will report intent to engage in at least one discussion about substance use with peers, family, or staff.Measurable: Tracked through survey responses.Achievable: Reinforced with role-playing and handouts.Relevant: Strengthens support networks.Time-bound: Evaluated at session conclusion. Goal 3: Teach Coping Skills Specific: Participants will learn and demonstrate two stress-reduction techniques (e.g., deep breathing, mindfulness).Measurable: Confidence and skill application will be assessed via survey.Achievable: Practiced during the session with guidance.Relevant: Promotes healthier alternatives to substance use.Time-bound: Measured at the end of the session. Conclusion Adolescent substance abuse in Rowan County is a multifaceted issue requiring culturally informed, community-based solutions. This health promotion plan addresses the specific needs of local youth by enhancing risk awareness, fostering open communication, and building essential life skills. Tailored interventions, grounded in the region’s unique demographic and socioeconomic challenges, can significantly reduce substance use and improve overall adolescent

Capella FPX 4045 Assessment 4 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4045 Nursing Informatics: Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Informatics and Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators Introduction to Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators (NSQIs) Hello, my name is _____. In this discussion, I will explore Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators (NSQIs), emphasizing their role in evaluating patient outcomes influenced by nursing care. This session will provide an overview of NSQIs, discuss their importance in healthcare, and highlight how nurses contribute to the collection and documentation of these quality measures. Understanding NSQIs and Their Relevance The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI), developed by the American Nurses Association (ANA), is a nationwide resource that evaluates nursing care standards by collecting data from hospitals across the United States (Montalvo, 2020). This tool supports healthcare organizations in benchmarking their performance against national standards and identifying areas needing improvement. NSQIs primarily focus on outcomes affected by nursing activities, offering insights into how nursing interventions impact patient safety and recovery. These indicators assess factors such as pressure injuries, infection rates, patient falls, and nurse staffing levels (Press Ganey, 2024). One essential NSQI addressed in this guide is Patient Falls with Injury (PFI), a measure that captures both the occurrence and the severity of patient falls. Injuries from falls may involve head trauma, fractures, or other complications. With over 14 million individuals aged 65 and older experiencing falls annually, resulting in about 9 million injuries, the significance of this indicator is evident (CDC, 2024). Falls can delay recovery, lengthen hospital stays, and increase healthcare expenses. Monitoring PFI helps identify risk areas and improve patient safety through enhanced nurse vigilance and environmental safety strategies (Oner et al., 2020). Empowering New Nurses Through NSQIs For newly practicing nurses, understanding PFI is essential. Being at the forefront of patient care, they must be proficient in identifying risk factors and applying preventive strategies. This includes conducting routine assessments, using assistive devices, and educating patients and families about fall prevention (Li & Surineni, 2024). Awareness of NSQIs like PFI fosters accountability, strengthens clinical decision-making, and supports a culture of safety. Gathering and Sharing Quality Indicator Data Methods of Data Collection for PFI In most healthcare environments, PFI-related data is gathered using electronic health records (EHRs), incident reporting systems, and real-time observations. Nurses document falls immediately, detailing the event’s time, location, injuries, and follow-up actions. These entries are stored in centralized databases and undergo review by quality improvement teams. Data validation through audits ensures the accuracy and completeness of documentation (Krakau et al., 2021). Sharing and Utilizing QI Data Collected data are summarized into reports and shared within the organization to encourage transparency and guide clinical improvements. These reports are presented through dashboards, scorecards, or graphs, often displayed on hospital intranet systems or during team meetings (AHRQ, 2025). Nurses are instrumental in reporting accurate data and executing prevention strategies such as hourly rounding, bed alarms, and using non-slip footwear. Omissions in documentation—such as failure to log a fall risk assessment—can misrepresent fall trends and compromise intervention effectiveness (Takase, 2022). Table 1. Data Collection and Reporting of PFI Data Collection Method Description Electronic Health Records (EHRs) Used to log fall incidents, patient status, and interventions in real time. Incident Reporting Systems Provide structured forms for recording fall-related events and injuries. Observational Monitoring Nurses and staff monitor patient behavior for fall risks or signs of distress. Chart Audits and Reviews Quality assurance teams validate accuracy and completeness of entries. Adapted from Krakau et al. (2021); AHRQ (2025) Role of the Multidisciplinary Team in NSQI Implementation Collaborative Approach to PFI Management Addressing PFI requires collaboration among nurses, physicians, therapists, risk managers, and informatics professionals. Nurses often identify falls first and document events, while physicians handle treatment, and therapists assess mobility needs. Risk managers and quality teams evaluate trends to update prevention protocols (Krakau et al., 2021). Informatics teams manage the systems used to collect and track data efficiently. Communication and Coordination Effective communication ensures thorough and timely data collection, resulting in accurate analytics. By combining expertise, the care team develops personalized fall prevention strategies and incorporates them into care routines. This interdisciplinary cooperation improves patient safety and promotes a culture of continuous improvement. Administrative Engagement in NSQI Implementation Use of NSQIs for Performance Improvement Healthcare administrators use NSQI data, such as PFI, to guide decision-making and enhance patient care. Leadership reviews fall trends to adjust staffing levels, revise care protocols, or invest in preventive technologies when necessary (Woltsche et al., 2022). For example, an increase in nighttime falls may prompt a shift in staff allocation or improved lighting systems. Integrating Evidence-Based Guidelines Organizations integrate evidence-based practices (EBPs) based on NSQI data. Common EBP strategies include fall risk assessments on admission, utilizing bed alarms, and ensuring access to call lights (Takase, 2022). These interventions are embedded into training, EHR templates, and patient care routines to promote consistent and effective fall prevention strategies. Establishing Evidence-Based Practices Through PFI Developing Preventive Protocols The PFI indicator informs the creation of EBPs that use both clinical assessment tools and technological support. For instance, the Morse Fall Scale is used to evaluate fall risk during admission and daily assessments. Based on risk scores, nurses activate appropriate safety measures such as sensor footwear and adjustable beds (Mao et al., 2024; Takase, 2022). Visual Identification and Staff Awareness Using visual cues such as colored wristbands or signage identifies patients at risk of falling, prompting staff to offer closer supervision. This simple intervention ensures staff can react swiftly and appropriately, reducing the likelihood of injury (Boot et al., 2023). Table 2. Evidence-Based Interventions for Fall Prevention EBP Intervention Application in Practice Morse Fall Scale Used to assess patient fall risk at admission and daily; guides intervention levels. Bed/Chair Alarms Alerts staff when high-risk patients attempt to mobilize independently. Colored Wristbands/Signage Visually flags high-risk patients for increased monitoring. Hourly Rounding and Call Lights Ensures patient needs are addressed proactively to prevent unsupervised movement. Adapted from Mao et al. (2024); Boot et al. (2023) Conclusion Patient Falls with Injury (PFI) is

Capella FPX 4045 Assessment 3 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4045 Nursing Informatics: Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic Recent advancements in healthcare technology have significantly improved the management of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Among these innovations are sensor-enabled inhalers and wearable devices like smartwatches, which play a critical role in tracking vital signs and promoting medication adherence. These technologies help patients maintain their treatment routines while allowing clinicians to access real-time data for better clinical decisions (Chan et al., 2021). This interest was triggered during the Sentinel U simulations, specifically involving the case of Lynn Tan, which prompted a deeper examination of these tools’ clinical applications. A thorough literature review was conducted using Capella University Library resources, including databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and SpringerLink. Key terms in the search included “digital inhalers,” “COPD technology adherence,” “remote monitoring,” and “smartwatches in nursing care.” Articles selected for the annotated bibliography were peer-reviewed, published within the last five years, and focused on the effectiveness of digital technologies in treating asthma and COPD. Assumptions The underlying assumptions include the belief that integrating smart technologies—such as wearable devices and digital inhalers—significantly improves the clinical management of chronic respiratory illnesses. It is presumed that enhanced patient monitoring and increased adherence via these tools contribute to better outcomes. Furthermore, it is assumed that the real-time data collected is both usable and valuable to both healthcare providers and patients. Another assumption is that the selected research from credible academic databases is current and applicable to modern nursing practices. Annotation Elements Study Summary Relevance to Nursing Practice Aung et al. (2024) This systematic review evaluates remote digital interventions aimed at improving medication adherence in COPD patients. The evidence suggests such interventions significantly boost treatment compliance and symptom control. The study emphasizes real-time data sharing through digital inhalers, aiding nursing teams in adjusting treatment plans proactively. Chan et al. (2021) This review explores how digital inhalers improve patient adherence and offer real-time feedback. It discusses these technologies’ ability to support remote monitoring and clinical decision-making. It provides insights into remote disease management and how interdisciplinary teams can use inhaler data for individualized care plans. Cokorudy et al. (2024) Through analysis of digital biomarkers, the study highlights patterns that predict asthma exacerbations, enabling early intervention. Parameters like heart rate and cough frequency proved significant. This resource enhances proactive asthma care strategies in nursing by identifying early warning signs and facilitating timely responses. Erbay et al. (2025) Investigates the reliability of SpO2 readings from smartwatches versus clinical tools in COPD patients. The findings support smartwatch use as a non-invasive, moderately accurate tool. Nurses can utilize this technology for continuous oxygen monitoring, empowering patient engagement and safety through home-based care. Feng et al. (2021) Reviews AI integration into chronic respiratory disease management, emphasizing predictive analytics and patient-specific interventions. AI identifies patterns in device usage to optimize care. Highlights the synergy between AI and digital inhalers, showing how nurses can use these tools for precision care and early intervention. Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical asset in enhancing digital healthcare tools, particularly in respiratory disease management. AI-enabled systems can assess data from digital inhalers and wearable sensors to predict exacerbations and track medication usage. These intelligent platforms can identify deviations in patient behavior and alert healthcare teams for timely interventions. As discussed by Feng et al. (2021), AI not only improves clinical accuracy but also eases the nursing workload by automating monitoring and customizing treatment strategies. These innovations support better patient outcomes through anticipatory care and real-time analytics, further reinforcing the value of digital tools in chronic care environments. Summary of Recommendations The compiled literature demonstrates that incorporating digital inhalers, wearable technology, and AI into healthcare settings yields substantial benefits in managing asthma and COPD. These tools collectively foster medication adherence, allow for the early identification of symptom deterioration, and facilitate personalized care strategies. Organizational adoption depends on adequate technical resources, policy support for digital health, and staff readiness for interdisciplinary collaboration. Studies such as Aung et al. (2024) and Chan et al. (2021) confirm enhanced medication adherence and fewer disease exacerbations. Meanwhile, Cokorudy et al. (2024) and Erbay et al. (2025) provide strong evidence for the clinical use of digital biomarkers and wearable devices. Feng et al. (2021) further illustrates how AI augments these technologies by enabling predictive and personalized care. Together, these findings advocate for broader adoption of digital innovations in nursing practice to improve patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and workforce efficiency. References Aung, H., Tan, R., Flynn, C., Wright, A., Murphy, A., Shaw, D., Ward, T. J. C., & Greening, N. J. (2024). Digital remote maintenance inhaler adherence interventions in COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Review, 33(174). https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0136-2024 Chan, A. H. Y., Pleasants, R. A., Dhand, R., Tilley, S. L., Schworer, S. A., Costello, R. W., & Merchant, R. (2021). Digital inhalers for asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A scientific perspective. Pulmonary Therapy, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41030-021-00167-4 Cokorudy, B., Harrison, J., & Hai, A. (2024). Digital markers of asthma exacerbations – A systematic review. European Respiratory Journal Open Research, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00014-2024 Capella FPX 4045 Assessment 3 Erbay, Ü. T., Parspur, Ş., Arikan, İ., Yılmaz, Z. Y., Koçak, H., Marim, F., Kaya, İ., & Doğan, M. (2025). Are smart watches really smart? Comparison of blood oxygen saturation values measured by smart watch, pulse oximetry and arterial blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. International Journal of COPD, 20, 1457–1463. https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S500643 Feng, Y., Wang, Y., Zeng, C., & Mao, H. (2021). Artificial intelligence and machine learning in chronic airway diseases: Focus on asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18(13), 2871–2889. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.58191

Capella FPX 4045 Assessment 2 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4045 Nursing Informatics: Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan 1. Sentinel Event Analysis and Contributing Factors A sentinel event refers to an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, not related to the patient’s underlying condition. These incidents can significantly impact not only patients and their families but also the health care professionals involved. The core purpose of examining such events is to identify flaws in the care system and implement changes to prevent similar occurrences. In this case, the event occurred in the Emergency Department (ED) due to a miscommunication during patient handoff. A critical septic patient did not receive timely care as essential information was omitted during shift transition. The patient’s condition deteriorated, resulting in an extended hospital stay and additional medical interventions. Family members experienced emotional distress, and the healthcare team faced increased workloads, reputational concerns, and the potential for disciplinary action. Investigation into why the event occurred revealed several human, systemic, and cultural factors. The outgoing nurse, burdened by fatigue and an excessive workload, failed to communicate critical data effectively. There was a lack of structured communication tools, such as SBAR, and documentation was incomplete. Moreover, the hospital lacked a robust safety culture and leadership oversight. Cultural diversity and varying communication styles among staff also influenced the event. Physical layout challenges, understaffing, and malfunctioning equipment further complicated care delivery, as did unclear hospital policies and a lack of regular monitoring or surveillance. 2. Breakdown of Factors and Root Causes To understand the event comprehensively, various components were analyzed. It was evident that the hospital’s SBAR protocol was not consistently used. The outgoing nurse failed to conduct a bedside handoff or double-check care plans. The incoming nurse did not seek clarification, assuming the information was complete. Vital signs were inadequately monitored, and alarms went unanswered due to alarm fatigue. Staff involved included the two nurses and a physician whose medication orders were not effectively communicated. Supervisors failed to reinforce training or audit the handoff process. Furthermore, policies were not followed due to lack of accessibility and clarity. Staff reported difficulties locating updated guidelines, which led to inconsistencies. These lapses were compounded by environmental issues such as distant nurse stations and faulty equipment. Training gaps were also evident, particularly in handoff communication and patient monitoring. Collectively, these breakdowns highlight an organizational failure to enforce safety protocols and support staff adequately. 3. Strategies for Improvement and Preventive Measures To prevent recurrence of such events, several systemic changes and quality improvements must be implemented. Evidence-based best practices like structured SBAR communication should be standardized. Studies, such as the one by Mulfiyanti and Satriana (2022), have demonstrated significant improvements in handoff efficiency and healthcare quality after implementing SBAR. Additionally, regular simulation-based training can enhance staff competency in emergency responses. To address alarm fatigue, improved alarm management systems and prioritization protocols are needed. Introducing fail-safe mechanisms such as automatic alerts for critical values and consistent audits will support early detection of patient deterioration. Educational programs should be mandated regularly, focusing on emergency protocols and communication skills. Finally, fostering a culture that encourages transparent reporting of errors without fear of punishment can lead to continual learning and safer practices. Tabular Summary of Root Causes and Contributing Factors Root Cause / Contributing Factor Category Code Breakdown in communication between care team Human Factor – Communication HF-C Insufficient training on updated protocols Human Factor – Training HF-T Malfunctioning equipment causing delayed intervention Environment / Equipment E Staff fatigue due to poor scheduling Human Factor – Fatigue HF-F/S Failure to follow safety protocols Rules / Policies / Procedures R Organizational barriers to effective teamwork Barriers B Evidence-Based Strategy Table Strategy Objective Supporting Evidence SBAR Handoff Protocol Standardize communication during patient handoffs Mulfiyanti & Satriana, 2022 Simulation-Based Emergency Training Improve staff response to critical incidents Mulfiyanti & Satriana, 2022; AHRQ, 2020 Alarm Management Systems Reduce alarm fatigue and increase responsiveness AHRQ, 2020 Continuous Education and Refresher Courses Maintain up-to-date knowledge on medication protocols WHO, 2021 Structured Reporting and Feedback Culture Encourage non-punitive incident reporting The Joint Commission, 2019 References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2020). TeamSTEPPS®: Strategies and tools to enhance performance and patient safety. https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/index.html Mulfiyanti, R., & Satriana, I. W. (2022). The effect of SBAR communication on handoff quality at Tabanan Hospital. Griyatama Nursing Journal, 12(3), 150–156. NURS FPX 4035 Assessment 2 Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan The Joint Commission. (2019). Sentinel Event Policy and Procedures. https://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event_policy World Health Organization. (2021). Patient safety: Global action on patient safety. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025710      

Capella FPX 4045 Assessment 1 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4045 Nursing Informatics: Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Nursing Informatics in Health Care Nursing informatics plays a crucial role in linking advanced health technologies with direct patient care. It allows for the streamlined application of data and digital tools in clinical settings to improve the quality and efficiency of care delivery. By integrating informatics into clinical practice, nurses can make informed, data-driven decisions, enhance communication processes, and uphold patient safety standards. Nurse Informaticists (NIs) are instrumental in protecting patient privacy while fostering interdisciplinary communication aimed at improving clinical outcomes (Nashwan et al., 2025). This exploration focuses on how NIs contribute to healthcare by supporting collaborative care and safeguarding sensitive patient information. The Role of Nurse Informaticists Nurse informatics combines scientific expertise, clinical judgment, and data management to facilitate the effective use of health technology. Nurse Informaticists act as critical bridges between clinical and IT teams, ensuring the seamless adoption of healthcare technologies. Their responsibilities include developing user-friendly digital interfaces, guiding technology integration in clinical practice, and promoting effective communication between providers and patients. With tools like patient portals and mobile apps, NIs help enhance treatment adherence, decrease rehospitalization rates, and elevate patient satisfaction (Nashwan et al., 2025). Their educational efforts also empower clinical staff to utilize technology effectively, making care delivery more efficient and collaborative. Contribution to Improving Communication NIs significantly improve healthcare communication through the adoption of secure, real-time messaging tools such as Voalte and TigerText. These platforms enable faster, more accurate clinical interactions that enhance coordination across care teams. Nurse Informaticists also lead training on telehealth platforms, enabling staff to deliver better virtual care and engage patients in collaborative decision-making. Systems like MyChart allow patients to interact with providers, manage appointments, and access medical information. Similarly, HealthTap offers on-demand consultations, improving accessibility and convenience. NIs play a pivotal role in customizing and implementing these technologies while ensuring that communication remains patient-centered and secure (Haleem et al., 2021). Engagement of Nurse Informaticists in Interdisciplinary Teamwork NIs are central to fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. They design digital systems tailored to team needs, enabling seamless workflow and efficient adoption of new technologies. Their work with IT professionals, physicians, and administrators ensures that user interfaces are intuitive for both clinicians and patients. These collaborations result in better access to care, improved patient satisfaction, and fewer readmissions (Ferreira et al., 2025). Furthermore, NIs help develop safety protocols that protect digital communication, and their feedback-driven improvements ensure that systems remain responsive to team and patient needs. In telehealth environments, NIs identify workflow inefficiencies and co-design communication tools that support timely, coordinated, and high-quality care. Evidence-Based Strategies to Protect Protected Health Information NIs implement strong data security measures to protect Protected Health Information (PHI). One key approach is the use of Symmetric Key Encryption (SKE), which secures data on patient portals and mobile applications. These encryption methods prevent unauthorized access and are foundational to PHI protection. Additionally, NIs promote access controls like two-factor authentication, biometric systems, and single sign-on processes to ensure that only authorized personnel can view sensitive information. By conducting training sessions on HIPAA compliance and data privacy responsibilities, NIs help healthcare staff uphold legal and ethical standards, thereby minimizing risks associated with data breaches (Shojaei et al., 2024). The Growing Need for Nurse Informaticists in Healthcare Organizations As technology becomes more deeply embedded in healthcare, the demand for Nurse Informaticists continues to grow. These professionals play a vital role in ensuring that clinical teams can adopt and effectively use new technologies. NIs help design communication platforms tailored to both patients and providers, leading to better system usability and more efficient care delivery. Their involvement reduces the financial and operational costs associated with data breaches by overseeing cybersecurity initiatives and managing EHR systems. With telehealth gaining traction, NIs ensure its secure implementation, enhancing both access and quality while safeguarding patient trust (Wubineh et al., 2023). Conclusion Nurse Informaticists are essential contributors to modern healthcare systems. They enhance care quality through the strategic use of digital tools, secure patient data, and support multidisciplinary teams. By integrating innovative technologies and ensuring data privacy, NIs drive improvements in patient engagement, treatment compliance, and overall satisfaction. As healthcare continues to evolve, the critical role of NIs in promoting efficient, secure, and patient-centered care becomes increasingly indispensable. References Ferreira, J. C., Elvas, L. B., Correia, R., & Mascarenhas, M. (2025). Empowering health professionals with digital skills to improve patient care and daily workflows. Healthcare, 13(3), 329. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030329 Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., & Suman, R. (2021). Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications. Sensors International, 2, 100–117. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8590973/ Nashwan, A. J., Cabrega, J. A., Othman, M. I., Khedr, M. A., Osman, Y. M., El‐Ashry, A. M., Naif, R., & Mousa, A. A. (2025). The evolving role of nursing informatics in the era of artificial intelligence. International Nursing Review, 72(1), e13084. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.13084 Capella FPX 4045 Assessment 1 Shojaei, P., Gjorgievska, E. V., & Chow, Y.-W. (2024). Security and privacy of technologies in health information systems: A systematic literature review. Computers, 13(2), 41. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/2/41 Wubineh, B. Z., Deriba, F. G., & Woldeyohannis, M. M. (2023). Exploring the opportunities and challenges of implementing artificial intelligence in healthcare: A systematic literature review. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 42(3), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.11.019  

Capella FPX 4035 Assessment 4 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4035 Enhancing Patient Safety and Quality of Care Prof. Name Date Improvement Plan Tool Kit Overview of the Toolkit Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, can use this improvement toolkit to implement and sustain evidence-based strategies aimed at reducing patient falls in clinical settings. The toolkit comprises curated scholarly and practice-oriented materials that emphasize risk identification, patient and staff education, safety technology integration, and implementation guidelines. Each tool offers detailed descriptions, practical applications, and step-by-step directions for integration into care processes. Nurses leveraging these resources can drive enhancements in both patient safety and care quality across various settings. The toolkit’s foundation stems from search terms like “fall prevention,” “patient safety,” “risk assessment,” “root cause analysis,” and “evidence-based nursing.” Annotated Bibliography Organizational Safety and Fall Prevention Best Practices Garcia et al. (2021) explored nurses’ views on effective fall prevention interventions and discovered that combining patient education with environmental modifications was most effective. These multi-faceted strategies aligned with both patient-specific risks and situational variables. However, nurses reported barriers such as limited time, patient engagement difficulties, and insufficient organizational support. The study underscores the importance of aligning fall prevention practices with clinical realities and calls for targeted training led by nurse leaders to address these practical challenges. In a qualitative study, Linnerud et al. (2023) discussed how Norwegian stakeholders co-developed an implementation strategy tailored to local home-care conditions. Emphasizing a participatory approach, the research highlights the value of including front-line nursing staff in creating sustainable fall prevention programs. The resource is particularly beneficial for nurses working in home-care settings who wish to customize interventions for older adults living independently. Nurse managers can also apply this resource to facilitate collaborative workshops when designing new safety initiatives. Mulfiyanti and Satriana (2022) assessed the impact of SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) on nursing handovers and its implications for patient safety. The study found SBAR significantly improved communication accuracy, particularly during shift changes and emergency reporting, thereby lowering the risk of falls. The structured approach increased confidence and teamwork among nurses. This tool is valuable in high-acuity units where timely and accurate information exchange is critical to patient safety. Environmental Risk Reduction and Safety Assessments Campani et al. (2021) provided insights into how modifying environmental risk factors can prevent falls among elderly patients. Interventions such as removing tripping hazards and installing grab bars were found to reduce risk. Nurses can conduct home safety assessments and recommend targeted changes, making this resource ideal for community health nurses and discharge planners. Locklear et al. (2024) conducted a comprehensive review detailing the causes, risk factors, and prevention measures related to in-patient falls. With an estimated 700,000 to 1 million in-patient falls annually, the report supports using tools like the Morse Fall Scale and interdisciplinary strategies such as hourly rounding. The review also addresses the financial burden of falls and emphasizes the economic benefits of structured prevention efforts. Nurse leaders can utilize this resource for staff training and for evaluating prevention programs. Stathopoulos et al. (2021) investigated how hospital overcrowding contributes to in-patient falls. The study linked high fall rates to environmental stressors like noise, limited space, and inadequate staffing. With patient rooms being the most frequent fall locations, the resource helps administrators and QI teams advocate for policy changes that increase staffing levels or expand hospital space. Improvement Plan Tool Kit: Annotated Bibliography Category Citation Key Takeaways Implementation Guidance Organizational Fall Prevention Strategies Garcia, A., Bjarnadottir, R. I., Keenan, G. M., & Macieira, T. G. R. (2021). Journal of Nursing Care Quality. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncq.0000000000000605 Nurses preferred multifactorial strategies combining education and environmental changes. Challenges include time constraints and limited support. Best used during planning and training; informs staff development programs.   Linnerud, S., Aimée, L., Graverholt, B., Idland, G., Taraldsen, K., & Brovold, T. (2023). BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10394-x Stakeholder collaboration enhances tailored safety programs in home care settings. Useful for home-care nurses and managers in stakeholder workshops.   Mulfiyanti, D., & Satriana, A. (2022). International Journal of Public Health Excellence, 2(1), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v2i1.275 SBAR method improves communication and reduces errors during transitions. Applicable during shift changes, interprofessional meetings, and emergencies. Environmental Assessment and Modifications Campani, D., et al. (2021). Public Health Nursing, 38(3), 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12852 Environmental risks such as poor lighting and loose rugs increase falls. Home modifications reduce risks. Ideal for community nurses and discharge planning to assess patient homes.   Locklear, T., et al. (2024). HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.1982 700k–1M inpatient falls annually; Morse Fall Scale and interdisciplinary approaches reduce risk and cost. Best used in staff training, risk screening, and policy design.   Stathopoulos, D., Hansson, E. E., & Stigmar, K. (2021). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10742. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010742 Overcrowding and environmental design flaws increase fall incidents. Used for advocating staffing and infrastructure changes to reduce risks. Staff Education and Patient-Centered Care Strategies Albertini et al. (2022) introduced a person-centered care strategy for preventing falls within a Brazilian hospital. Their initiative focused on tailoring care plans to individual patient needs, integrating educational interventions for staff, and customizing environmental settings accordingly. This approach significantly improved staff adherence to fall prevention practices, with compliance rising from 62% to 92%. A notable benefit was a 30% reduction in patient falls by targeting individual risk factors like mobility and medication use. The resource is especially relevant for clinical educators and nurse leaders when developing targeted training and quality improvement (QI) programs. In a scoping review, Heng et al. (2020) examined educational strategies used in hospitals to reduce patient falls. They found that multimedia education methods, including videos and handouts, along with personal discussions, empowered patients with fall prevention strategies. These interventions were particularly effective when delivered at crucial times such as admission and discharge. The study emphasized the need for proactive patient engagement to reduce unattended fall events, which often result in injuries such as fractures and psychological trauma. Heng et al. (2022) later conducted a mixed-methods trial that assessed the impact of structured patient education. They discovered that using visual aids and active staff participation increased

Capella FPX 4035 Assessment 3 Name Capella university NURS-FPX4035 Enhancing Patient Safety and Quality of Care Prof. Name Date Slide 1: Hello and welcome, everyone! I am ______. Today, I want to talk about a serious issue in healthcare, which is diagnostic errors. These mistakes happen when a health condition is missed, delayed, or diagnosed incorrectly. This in-service session will give us useful tools and easy strategies to help prevent these errors. Our main goal is to improve how we share patient information and work together as a team, so we can make faster, more accurate decisions for our patients. Part 1: Agenda and Outcomes Slide 2: This education will address ways to reduce diagnostic errors. Because of these mistakes, it may take longer to treat the patient, leading to severe complications or death. We want our safety improvement plan to help staff improve their collaboration and how they communicate to stop such errors. Nurses will be taught to use SBAR in patient handovers so that important and clear information is never left out. Training will be given by using case studies and simulation exercises that improve skills in diagnosis. Working hours can be changed to give nurses enough time to check on each patient carefully without getting fatigued. Recently, Riverside Community Hospital dealt with a sentinel event where a 67-year-old person was admitted due to a fever and confusion. The patient first received care for a urinary tract infection and dehydration, though the sepsis tests were overlooked. During the transfer of care, the worsening symptoms of the patient were not adequately passed along. The patient went into septic shock and died after only 48 hours despite later intense treatment. It proves that successfully handing off patients and being vigilant for sepsis can save many lives. Goals Slide 3: Three clear goals guide this safety initiative to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient safety: Goal 1: Understand the importance of clear communication to prevent diagnostic mistakes This session will highlight how accurate communication during patient handoffs helps avoid errors in diagnosis. Mistakes during these times can lead to delayed or wrong diagnoses, putting patients at risk. Staff will learn practical skills to improve how information is shared, helping to build a culture of safety. Attendees will be taught how to spot risks and act to prevent diagnostic errors during care transitions. Goal 2: Identify common causes of diagnostic errors related to communication breakdowns We will review factors that contribute to diagnostic mistakes, such as incomplete or unclear handoffs, lack of standardized communication methods, staff fatigue, and time pressures. Understanding these causes helps staff see where gaps occur and how these errors affect patient outcomes. Breakdowns in communication or a lack of clear details have contributed to roughly 50% of negative patient outcomes during shift changes and up to 70% of complications in overall medical care (Atinga et al., 2024). Goal 3: Learn evidence-based strategies to improve communication and reduce diagnostic errors. This part will focus on practical solutions such as mandatory use of SBAR during shift changes, ongoing competency-based training to enhance diagnostic skills, and staffing changes to reduce fatigue and ensure thorough patient assessments. Attendees will learn how to apply these tools consistently to improve communication and coordination, which will reduce errors and improve care. Outcomes Slide 4: By the end of this session, participants will show: Improved Awareness and Understanding Understand why clear communication is critical to accurate diagnosis and safe patient care. Recognize the serious consequences when communication fails during patient handoffs. Identification of Causes Be able to identify the main reasons diagnostic errors happen, such as incomplete information, lack of standard tools, staff exhaustion, and rushed handoffs. Understand how these factors affect patient safety. Application of Practical Tools and Strategies Demonstrate the ability to use evidence-based methods like SBAR for handoffs, participate in ongoing training to improve diagnostic skills, and support staffing practices that reduce fatigue. These skills will help ensure reliable, accurate communication to prevent diagnostic errors. Part 2: Safety Improvement Plan Slide 5: Missing a diagnosis or making the wrong one is still a serious problem for healthcare, threatening patient safety and the functioning of the hospital. If the right diagnosis is not given on time, patients can be hurt, get less careful care, spend longer periods in the hospital, and even die. A lot of these mistakes result from challenges that are able to be fixed, like poor communication, lack of staff, different ways of testing, and system restrictions within healthcare. It is projected that out of 130 million annual emergency room visits in the U.S., approximately 7.4 million (5.7%) cases involve diagnostic mistakes, 2.6 million (2.0%) lead to harmful outcomes, and nearly 370,000 (0.3%) result in significant injury due to diagnostic inaccuracies (Toker et al., 2022). Due to these errors in the U.S., about $20 billion in extra healthcare expenses are seen every year (Rodziewicz et al., 2024). This points out that improving communication and teamwork during diagnosis can make a big difference by protecting lives and boosting the quality of care in hospitals. Safety Enhancement Plan Slide 6: A clear and organized safety improvement plan is necessary to lower diagnostic errors and improve how patients feel. SBAR communication needs to be used at the start of each shift and when transferring patients. This helps doctors avoid errors by making sure all important patient information is shared in one place, making it less likely that anything will be missed in the diagnosis (Shinta & Bunga, 2024). At this stage, the plan offers additional training for clinical staff by using examples and simulation work to strengthen their ability to notice and handle diagnostic issues fast. The practical experience helps employees become both more confident and accurate. Giving people time off or different schedules reduces their fatigue. If healthcare professionals are well rested, they are better able to notice and avoid common diagnosis errors. These steps aid in creating safer ways to diagnose, better collaboration among staff, and more reliable care for patients. Continual auditing and