Category: Capella University

Capella 4050 Assessment 4 Final Care Coordination Plan Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4050 Coord Patient-Centered Care Prof. Name Date Final Care Coordination Plan In the realm of public health, addressing mental health disorders is a pressing concern, impacting individuals and communities worldwide. This assessment aims to comprehensively evaluate educational strategies tailored to combat critical mental health issues such as depression, anxiety disorders, and access to mental health services. Through an extensive review of current literature and best practices in health education, the goal is to refine and enhance learning sessions to align more closely with the ambitious objectives set forth by Healthy People 2030. By identifying gaps in current educational approaches and proposing necessary revisions, we strive to ensure that the content educates and empowers individuals and communities to take actionable steps toward promoting mental well-being. This alignment with Healthy People 2030 underscores our commitment to advancing public health goals through evidence-based education on mental health disorders and prevention strategies. Patient-Centered Health Interventions and Timelines Interventions for Depression Within the next three months, we plan to initiate Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group sessions as an intervention for individuals grappling with depression. These weekly sessions will offer a structured platform for participants to identify and challenge negative thought patterns, cultivate coping mechanisms, and foster supportive social networks (Gautam et al., 2020).  In collaboration with community resources, these sessions will be organized with the assistance of the Mental Health Association of Oklahoma (MHAO). MHAO offers a range of support groups and therapy sessions tailored to address depression, ensuring a conducive environment for healing and growth (MHAO, 2024). Additionally, the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) will play a pivotal role in this initiative, providing access to support groups and helplines explicitly designed for individuals affected by depression. Through NAMI’s community-centered approach, participants can find camaraderie and emotional solace (NAMI, 2021). Furthermore, our partnership with Approved Community Behavioral Health Clinics (CCBHCs) will ensure comprehensive mental health services, including specialized therapy sessions focused on addressing depression (CCBHC, 2020). By leveraging these community resources, we aim to create a holistic support system that empowers individuals on their journey toward mental wellness. Interventions for Anxiety The proposed intervention for addressing the mental health disorder of anxiety comprises “Mindfulness Meditation and Stress Management Workshops” within the next two months. These monthly workshops aim to equip individuals with practical tools to alleviate anxiety symptoms and enhance overall well-being. Through mindfulness practices, relaxation techniques, and specialized breathing exercises, participants will learn practical strategies for managing stress and anxiety daily (Zhou et al., 2020). We will collaborate closely with essential community resources to facilitate these workshops. The Mental Health Association of Oklahoma (MHAO) will provide invaluable support by offering workshops and educational programs tailored explicitly to stress management and mindfulness techniques, catering to individuals seeking relief from anxiety (MHAO, 2024). Additionally, our collaboration with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Oklahoma will enrich our initiative by tapping into their wealth of resources and information on anxiety management. SAMHSA’s expertise in this field will ensure that our workshops are grounded in evidence-based practices and provide participants with comprehensive knowledge on managing anxiety effectively (OMHSA, 2020). Moreover, we will engage with local yoga studios and wellness centers to complement our workshops. Partnering with these establishments will enable us to incorporate yoga sessions into our program, highlighting the benefits of yoga for anxiety management and fostering a holistic approach to mental well-being (Musial, 2021). By leveraging these community resources, we aim to create a supportive and empowering environment where individuals can learn, practice, and thrive in managing anxiety and achieving mental wellness. Intervention for Issue of Access to Mental Health Services To address the critical healthcare issue of access to mental health services, we propose launching an Outreach and Awareness Campaign, commencing within the next month and continuing ongoing. This initiative aims to increase the utilization of mental health hotlines and support services by disseminating informational pamphlets, organizing awareness events, and conducting outreach efforts, particularly in underserved communities (McGorry et al., 2022). Leveraging community resources, such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Oklahoma, we will collaborate to offer guidance on obtaining mental health care, including hotlines and support groups while also offering advocacy services and resources to support individuals in navigating the healthcare system (OMHSA, 2020; SAMHSA, 2020). Additionally, partnerships with local community centers and libraries will facilitate the distribution of informational materials and the hosting of awareness events to raise awareness of mental health services and resources available within the community (Wahler et al., 2019). Through this multifaceted approach, we aim to bridge gaps in access to mental health care and empower individuals to seek the support they need for their mental well-being. Ethical Decisions in Patient-Centered Health Interventions When creating patient-centered treatments for mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and limited access to mental health services, ethical considerations are paramount. Informed consent is crucial for participants in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) group sessions, ensuring they understand the intervention’s nature and risks. Maintaining strict confidentiality fosters a safe environment for participants to share personal experiences (Lattie et al., 2022). Cultural sensitivity in tailoring CBT techniques ensures inclusivity. Similarly, in mindfulness meditation and stress management workshops for anxiety, respecting autonomy allows participants to choose their level of engagement. Beneficence dictates the use of evidence-based techniques to reduce anxiety symptoms, while non-maleficence ensures participants’ well-being during practices. In outreach campaigns for mental health service access, equity and justice demand reaching underserved communities (Hoffman et al., 2020). Transparency in providing information about available services empowers individuals to make informed decisions, while collaboration with local organizations ensures cultural sensitivity and relevance. By adhering to these ethical principles, interventions become practical, respectful, equitable, and empowering for those seeking support for mental health disorders (Hays & Shepard Payne, 2020). Relevant Health Policy Implications The following are pertinent health policy implications for the continuum of care and coordination of mental health disorders. The Affordable

Capella 4050 Assessment 3 Care Coordination Presentation to Colleagues Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4050 Coord Patient-Centered Care Prof. Name Date Care Coordination Presentation for Colleagues Greetings, everyone; I’m ——-, and in today’s presentation, we’ll delve into the significance of care coordination within healthcare systems. To kick things off, let’s clarify what we mean by care coordination. According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), it involves the purposeful organization of patient care activities among multiple stakeholders, including the patient themselves, to ensure the effective delivery of healthcare services (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2019). Proper care coordination is paramount, and millions worldwide are grappling with complex health issues. This approach ensures that patients receive the most streamlined and collaborative care possible, facilitated by healthcare professionals. It encompasses integrated care strategies to enhance care continuity, enable access to various medical resources, foster effective communication to uphold care quality and safety standards, and optimize cost efficiency, ultimately aiming for a seamless and comprehensive patient experience. Team-based delivery of treatment and medication emerges as a crucial factor for achieving positive health outcomes, as Karam et al. (2021) highlighted. Effective Strategies for Collaborating with Patients To achieve effective care coordination, it is crucial to implement strategic approaches that enhance care management and prioritize patient safety and quality of care. This fosters collaboration among nurses, physicians, patients, families, and other healthcare professionals. However, culturally and linguistically diverse patients often face barriers to accessing healthcare services compared to the host populations. These obstacles stem from various factors, including the intricacy of healthcare systems, restricted availability of specific services, regulatory constraints, and personal barriers such an inadequate health literacy, job status, and stigma-related fears. Addressing these disparities requires a concerted effort to improve cultural competence within healthcare organizations. Cultural competence encompasses attitudes and actions professionals must acquire to work well in cross-cultural settings. Innovative strategies have emerged to address healthcare challenges, as evidenced by recent research findings. One such approach involves leveraging telemedicine with bilingual or multilingual healthcare providers to surmount language barriers and elevate the quality of care, as Handtke et al. (2019) suggested. Capella 4050 Assessment 3 Care Coordination Presentation to Colleagues Additionally, Oikarainen et al. (2019) advocate for integrating community health workers (CHWs) into patient education during home or clinic visits. This approach not only enhances accessibility to healthcare information but also strengthens patient understanding and engagement. Furthermore, Brottman et al. (2020) propose the establishment of community health networks to facilitate seamless information exchange among local healthcare institutions. By fostering collaboration and resource sharing, these networks enhance patient care coordination and outcomes within communities. These strategies underscore the importance of innovative solutions in improving healthcare accessibility, quality, and coordination. By creating a culturally competent environment, healthcare providers can better address the needs of culturally diverse patients and improve health outcomes (Javed et al., 2020). Nurses, in particular, play a pivotal role in this process. Collaboration between all healthcare stakeholders, including nurses, ensures appropriate care delivery across healthcare systems. Aspects of Change Management in Enhancing Patient Experience Change management in healthcare is instrumental in enhancing the intricate facets of the patient experience and is pivotal for delivering exceptional, patient-centered care. Timely access to care, a cornerstone of patient satisfaction, is significantly improved through astute change management. This entails optimizing appointment systems, minimizing wait times for consultations and treatments, and strategically allocating resources to meet patient demand promptly (Leonardsen et al., 2020). Patients benefit from reduced anxiety, increased convenience, and an overall sense of being valued when they can swiftly access the care they need. Effective communication, another critical aspect, sees considerable refinement through changes in management practices. Clear communication protocols and empathetic and transparent interactions facilitate a deeper understanding of health conditions, treatment options, and care plans for patients. This fosters a sense of empowerment, enabling patients to engage in their healthcare decisions actively and promoting trust between patients and healthcare providers (Carman et al., 2019).  Capella 4050 Assessment 3 Care Coordination Presentation to Colleagues It is crucial to distinguish between patient experience and satisfaction. While patient satisfaction relates to meeting expectations, the patient experience encompasses the entirety of a patient’s journey within the healthcare system, including perceptions, emotions, and interactions at every stage (De Rosis et al., 2021). A hallmark of patient-centered care is significantly bolstered by emphasizing personalized treatment through effective change management. Comprehensive assessments, consideration of patients’ cultural backgrounds and preferences, and shared decision-making processes empower patients and foster trust in their healthcare providers. Patients feel valued and respected as individuals, so their engagement, adherence to treatment plans, and overall satisfaction with their healthcare experience are significantly elevated.  Coordinated Care and Ethical Decision Making Coordinated care plans, rooted in ethical principles, prioritize patient well-being, autonomy, and fairness within healthcare systems. These plans aim to provide holistic, patient-centered care that meets diverse patient needs and preferences by considering medical, social, and cultural factors. Coordinating care across multiple providers and settings ensures seamless transitions, promoting continuity of care and minimizing disruptions in treatment. This approach aligns with the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, striving to optimize patient outcomes while reducing risks associated with fragmented care. Additionally, coordinated care plans uphold patient autonomy by involving patients in decision-making and respecting their values. This empowers them to participate in care, align treatment plans with their goals, and provide patient-centered care (Hansson & Fröding, 2020). Ethical decision-making in coordinated care leads to improved patient outcomes, enhanced satisfaction, and greater efficiency in healthcare delivery as the principles of ethical care treatment, including goodwill and non-maleficence, are followed. These plans promote better health outcomes and lower healthcare costs by reducing errors, duplicate tests, and unnecessary interventions (Varkey, 2021). Furthermore, coordinated care addresses disparities in access to care, ensuring that all patients receive the support and resources necessary for optimal health, regardless of socioeconomic status or ethnicity (Ienca et al., 2021). Overall, the underlying assumptions guiding ethical decision-making emphasize the right of every patient to receive high-quality, patient-centered care that respects their dignity and autonomy,

Capella 4050 Assessment 2 Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4050 Coord Patient-Centered Care Prof. Name Date Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination Greetings, esteemed members of the American Heart Association! I’m thrilled to be here today as a nurse manager and care coordinator in community cardiovascular health. Our focus is on the ethical and policy dimensions shaping care coordination for patients with heart disorders. It’s crucial to ensure comprehensive and seamless care for these individuals, requiring an understanding of ethical and policy landscapes. I’m grateful for your interest in this vital topic, and I’m optimistic that our discussion will lead to improved care plans. Let’s delve into today’s session without delay. Contents and Agenda  In our upcoming session, we’ll cover the following topics: Introduction to Care Coordination: We’ll briefly overview care coordination, emphasizing its importance in delivering seamless healthcare. Impact of Government Policies: We’ll examine how governmental policies, at national, state, and local levels, affect the organization and implementation of care coordination and consider their ethical implications. Detailed Policy Examination: This section will examine specific policies more closely, analyzing their ethical outcomes and how they shape care coordination practices across different governance levels. Nursing Code of Ethics and Care Coordination: We’ll explore how the nursing code of ethics influences care coordination and highlight nurses’ ethical responsibilities in ensuring patient-centered care. Let’s systematically examine each of these topics to gain a thorough understanding of their role in care coordination. What is Care Coordination? Care coordination involves purposefully planning patient care tasks and sharing information among healthcare professionals and organizations to ensure comprehensive and seamless healthcare services. Care coordination in cardiovascular diseases is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes, particularly those managing chronic conditions like heart failure or undergoing cardiac procedures. Effective coordination provides timely access to interventions, supports medication management, and encourages adherence to lifestyle modifications. Healthcare organizations specializing in cardiovascular care coordination benefit from enhanced patient care quality through interdisciplinary collaboration and community resource utilization. They streamline care transitions between hospital, rehabilitation, and home settings, resulting in improved patient outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and increased satisfaction among patients and providers (Porter et al., 2021). Governmental Policies Impacting the Care Coordination Process Now, we will delve into certain governmental policies that can profoundly impact care coordination process. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA): HIPAA, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, stands as a critical policy in care coordination. It was established to facilitate the electronic exchange of health data while upholding the confidentiality and integrity of patients’ protected health information (PHI). Within the American Heart Association (AHA), compliance with HIPAA regulations is essential across all care coordination activities, including patient consultations and research endeavors. When the AHA collaborates with healthcare providers, researchers, or community organizations, adherence to HIPAA ensures the confidentiality and security of patient information, fostering trust among stakeholders and facilitating effective collaboration (Ezell et al., 2021).  Capella 4050 Assessment 2 Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination HITECH Act: The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, enacted as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, has significant implications for care coordination within the American Heart Association (AHA). HITECH incentivizes healthcare providers to adopt and meaningfully use certified EHR technology. By promoting the adoption of EHRs, HITECH facilitates the digital exchange of patient health information, making it easier for different healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care to access relevant medical records. This can enhance care coordination efforts within the AHA by providing a comprehensive view of a patient’s health history across different care settings (Gill et al., 2020). Health Policies at National, State, and Local Levels, Along with Ethical consequences Two significant policy provisions that raise ethical questions for care coordination within the American Heart Association (AHA) are privacy and confidentiality laws, such as HIPAA, and health equity initiatives. Privacy and confidentiality laws, while essential for protecting patient information, can sometimes pose ethical dilemmas by potentially hindering practical care coordination efforts. Stricter interpretations of HIPAA regulations may limit the sharing of vital patient information among healthcare providers, leading to fragmented care and compromised patient outcomes (Kaufman, 2022). Balancing the imperative of patient privacy with information sharing for coordinated care requires careful consideration of ethical principles such as beneficence, non-maleficence, and respect for autonomy. On the other hand, health equity initiatives addressing disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, such as prohibiting health insurance discrimination based on existing conditions in ACA’s provisions, may also raise ethical questions related to resource allocation and prioritization of services. One dilemma arises from the tension between promoting patient autonomy and ensuring responsible resource allocation. Capella 4050 Assessment 2 Ethical and Policy Factors in Care Coordination While individuals with pre-existing conditions have a right to access healthcare services, their increased healthcare needs may strain limited resources within the healthcare system. Care coordination efforts must navigate this tension by balancing the needs of individual patients with broader considerations of healthcare resource allocation and sustainability (Lucas, 2024). Ensuring these provisions promote fair and just distribution of resources and services is crucial for upholding ethical principles of justice and beneficence in care coordination efforts within the AHA and broader healthcare systems. Zoning laws regulate the distribution of healthcare facilities within a community. If specific neighborhoods lack access to essential cardiovascular care services, such as clinics or rehabilitation centers, health disparities and inequities can be exacerbated. This raises ethical questions about distributive justice and fairness in resource allocation. Policymakers must consider the moral implications of zoning decisions and strive to ensure equitable access to cardiovascular care services across all communities (Mohtat & Khirfan, 2022). Analysis of Nursing Code of Ethics and Their Impact on Care Coordination and its Continuum The nursing code of ethics plays a crucial role in shaping care coordination and the continuum of care within the American Heart Association (AHA) and its affiliated healthcare settings. Nurses, as frontline caregivers, adhere to ethical principles outlined in the code of ethics, guiding their interactions

Capella 4050 Assessment 1 Preliminary Care Coordination Plan Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4050 Coord Patient-Centered Care Prof. Name Date Preliminary Care Coordination Plan Care coordination is essential for delivering high-quality patient care within the healthcare system, particularly when hospitals face budget constraints and limited staffing. As a staff nurse recently assigned the role of care coordinator, I am tasked with developing an initial care coordination plan for residents in the Washington community who are experiencing domestic violence. This plan will address the physical, psychosocial, and cultural factors relevant to managing the impact of domestic violence. Additionally, I will set specific and realistic goals to help these community members cope with their situations. Finally, I will identify community resources to support and enhance their safety and well-being. Analysis of Domestic Violence and Associated Best Practices Domestic violence is a pervasive public health issue that affects individuals across all demographics, encompassing physical, emotional, sexual, and psychological abuse. The health consequences of domestic violence are immediate and long-term, requiring a multi-faceted approach to address the issue effectively. This approach should consider physical, psychosocial, and cultural dimensions to provide comprehensive care and support for victims. Notably, in the United States, there were 1.65 million emergency department visits over nine years for injuries related to domestic violence (Descartes et al., 2021). Physical Health Needs and Best Practices To improve physical health outcomes for domestic violence survivors, best practices must be implemented across various dimensions. Immediate medical care is crucial for treating injuries such as bruises, broken bones, and head trauma. Healthcare providers should be trained to recognize signs of abuse and offer compassionate care. Routine screening in healthcare settings is essential to identify victims early and provide opportunities for intervention (Kurbatfinski et al., 2023). Screening should be conducted in private and safe environments to encourage disclosure. Integrated healthcare services coordinate care among primary care, mental health professionals, and specialists, ensuring comprehensive treatment for physical and mental health issues. Studies have shown that such integrated approaches significantly improve outcomes for domestic violence survivors (Kurbatfinski et al., 2023). Psychosocial Needs and Best Practices Psychosocial support is another critical component of care. Access to individual and group therapy helps victims process trauma, build resilience, and develop coping strategies. Trauma-informed care has proven particularly effective in managing emotional distress followed by domestic violence (Han et al., 2021). Support groups offer a sense of community and reduce isolation by providing a space for survivors to share experiences and support one another. Developing personalized safety plans, which include steps for leaving an abusive situation and securing safe housing, is also essential. Evidence indicates that routine screening and comprehensive psychosocial support can significantly improve the well-being of domestic violence victims (Hultmann et al., 2023). Cultural Needs and Best Practices Cultural sensitivity plays a vital role in providing adequate care. Healthcare providers should receive training in cultural competence to understand their patients’ diverse backgrounds and beliefs. This includes respecting cultural differences and addressing language barriers. Engaging with community leaders and organizations helps spread awareness and provide resources tailored to the community’s cultural context. Promoting education about domestic violence within different cultural groups challenges harmful norms and encourages victims to seek help (Mshweshwe, 2020). Research supports that culturally competent care leads to better health outcomes and higher patient satisfaction (Stubbe, 2020). Assumptions and Points of Uncertainty However, implementing these best practices assumes that healthcare providers have access to the necessary training and resources and that victims have the agency to seek and accept help. There are also points of uncertainty, such as the variability in the availability and quality of community resources, which can affect the implementation of best practices. Cultural norms and stigma surrounding domestic violence may also pose challenges to identifying and supporting victims. Specific Goals to be Established to Address Domestic Violence The following SMART goals must be established to address domestic violence in the Washington Community: Conduct routine domestic violence screening (specific) in healthcare settings weekly to identify and report new cases (realistic and attainable) and achieve a 20% increase in reported cases (Measurable) by the end of the first year (time-bound) (Kurbatfinski et al., 2023).  Refer identified domestic violence survivors to mental health services (specific) to ensure they receive counseling and support (realistic and attainable) and achieve a 75% referral and attendance rate (Measurable) within three months of identification (time-bound) (Hultmann et al., 2023). Conduct community outreach programs (specific) monthly to educate the community about available domestic violence resources (realistic and attainable) and achieve a 30% increase in the utilization of these resources (measurable) within two years (time-bound) (Ogbe et al., 2020). These goals are realistic, measurable, and attainable, providing a structured approach to addressing domestic violence in the Northwest Washington community. By improving identification and reporting, enhancing access to mental health services, and increasing awareness and utilization of community resources, the care coordination plan aims to support and empower domestic violence survivors effectively. Community Resources for Safe and Effective Continuum of Care Domestic violence is a critical public health issue requiring a coordinated and comprehensive approach to support survivors effectively. In Washington, several significant community resources provide a safe and effective continuum of care. LifeWire offers a full spectrum of services, including a 24-hour helpline: 425-746-1940 and 800-827-8840. Additionally, it provides emergency shelter, legal advocacy, mental health counseling, and housing services. Ultimately, it provides integrated support that enhances recovery and stability for domestic violence survivors. The mailing address to this organization is P.O. Box 6398 Bellevue, WA 98008-0398 (Life Wire, 2018). The Domestic Abuse Women’s Network (DAWN) plays a pivotal role in addressing domestic violence in Northwest Washington through its comprehensive range of services. With a 24-hour crisis line, 425-656-7867, DAWN ensures survivors can access immediate support and assistance. This crisis intervention service provides a lifeline for distressed individuals, offering a compassionate ear, safety planning, and guidance on navigating their options. In addition to its crisis line, DAWN operates an emergency shelter, providing a haven for survivors and their children who are fleeing abusive situations. The mailing address

Capella 4040 Assessment 4 Informatics and Nursing Sensitive Quality Indicators Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4040 Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Informatics and Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators Hi to everyone! Welcome to my session. My name is_____. Today’s presentation is about Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers (HAPU) as a patient outcome Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicator (NSQI), to educate and train nurses on the importance of Quality Indicators (QI) in the medical setting. Nurses should assess and enhance this QI to boost the care standard and patient satisfaction in medical settings. The agenda of this presentation is: Introduction of National Database of Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators (NDNQI) and NSQIs The significance of monitoring HAPU as NSQI and its part in nursing practice  Collection and distribution of QI data  Role of nurses and interprofessional teams in gathering and reporting HAPU-related data The significance of NSQIs in creating regulations for nurses to utilize healthcare technologies Introduction of National Database of Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicator The American Nursing Association developed the NDNQI in 1998. It is the national nurse database that offers annual and quarterly data on the framework, procedure, and result variables used to assess nursing services at the facility level. NDNQI strives to increase nursing efficiency and patient safety. It serves as a benchmark for clinical nursing (Alshammari et al., 2023). NDNQI aspires to put together interdisciplinary groups to improve patient outcomes by boosting the standards of care. Nursing Sensitive Quality Indicators (NSQIs) NSQIs are measures for change in a patient’s medical conditions, which are directly related to nursing care practices. These indicators act as the framework for observing the standard of nursing practices. NSQIs are credible tools because they include objective evaluation, clinical procedure enhancement, assessment of nursing care efficiency and effectiveness, and the capacity for patients to make educated decisions while selecting a medical facility for treatment (Oner et al., 2021). For this tutorial presentation, I have chosen HAPU as a critical NSQI. Tracking this indicator is essential to minimizing patient harm and providing efficient care. Monitoring the occurrence and severity of HAPU enables medical staff, particularly nurses, to pinpoint areas for enhancement for efficient patient care.  Healthcare-Associated Pressure Ulcers HAPUs represent the most dangerous events in the clinical setting. HAPU, or pressure injuries, are lesions to the skin that involve tissue injury resulting from the intrusion of pressure or stress. HAPUs pose mental, physiological, and social difficulties due to patients’ lower quality of life, rising reliance on others, and susceptibility. HAPUs affect almost 2.5 million patients in America, putting patient safety at risk (VanGilder et al., 2021). It imposes a financial burden on patients and medical systems. It costs between $9.1 and $11.6 billion annually. Medical care expenses are $20,900 to $151,700 for each HAPU case (Yu et al., 2022). It indicates inadequacies in nursing care practices, like poor skin evaluations, inadequate turning guidelines, and improper pressure displacement measures. Furthermore, monitoring these HAPU cases provides significant information for quality enhancement programs and standard conformity, resulting in improved patient safety and treatment. New nurses must be proficient and familiar with HAPU data to employ Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) care strategies and enhance nursing care, reducing patient safety issues. This understanding enables nurses to deliver proactive, holistic care, promoting patient safety and recovery (Gedamu et al., 2021). Knowledge of the significance of HAPU avoidance and monitoring allows new nurses to assist in mitigating patient harm and enhancing healthcare quality. Collection and Distribution of Quality Indicator Data For collecting the QI data related to HAPU, my organization uses two digital systems. These include Electronic Health Records (EHR) and the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System (MPSMS). EHR collects data on regular skin evaluations performed by nurses during admissions of patients and at their transfers, periodically throughout their stay. The EHR offers a complete framework that encourages nurses to track the HAPU stage, size, position, risk evaluation, and diagnosis (Song et al., 2021). MPSMS records cases of pressure-related injuries that happen despite efforts to prevent them. The organization discovers data about HAPU signs, such as their position, size, and severity, and also data on employing established evaluation tools.  Moreover, the MPSMS identifies patterns and areas for advancement in nursing care. This approach is intended to track and report any novel HAPU cases or previously reported HAPUs that worsen during hospitalization (Eldridge et al., 2022). After collecting the data, my organization uses web-based dashboards and data analysis tools to enable personnel to monitor HAPU criteria in real time, improving transparency in evaluating performance. The organizations gather information on variables that contribute to HAPU development, like immobility and nutritional deficiencies (Marufu et al., 2021).  Capella 4040 Assessment 4 Informatics and Nursing Sensitive Quality Indicators Interdisciplinary teams evaluate the patient’s health information in EHR. The evaluation includes nursing data documentation, doctors’ updates, and wound healing guidelines. The team examines the data to gather information on HAPU history, therapy protocols, and risk evaluations. The collected information is subsequently communicated through several channels, including quality enhancement reports, discussions or presentations, and training sessions. These reports are distributed to multidisciplinary groups and management to increase awareness, track trends, and promote advancement activities. Furthermore, the health organization has built feedback channels to guarantee that nurses receive practical information from the data, enabling ongoing enhancement in patient care procedures (Getie et al., 2020). Nurses have numerous critical responsibilities in precisely documenting and avoiding HAPUs, and ensuring high-quality outcomes. For instance, nurses are in charge of performing extensive skin evaluations. Their concentration guarantees that patients are correctly examined and that findings are adequately reported in nursing records (Song et al., 2021). They provide precise data collection and safe, personalized care by adhering to defined protocols and EBP for HAPU mitigation and surveillance. Nurses’ precise data recording aids in prompt assistance, efficient therapy planning, and enhanced ongoing patient safety and care and safety. Moreover, Nurses must work with multidisciplinary groups to ensure vital data is adequately recorded and conveyed among the team. Furthermore, they accurately report incidences to EHR or MPSMS and participate in debates about mitigation approaches. Alshahrani et al. (2021), state that nurses engage in quality enhancement efforts to offer input on the treatment of HAPU patients assist with gathering and analyzing data, and apply EBP to enhance patient outcomes. Interprofessional Team and Data Collection and Reporting The interprofessional team includes nurses and doctors, IT experts, data analyst

Capella 4040 Assessment 2 Protected Health Information PHI Privacy Security and Confidentiality Best Practice Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4040 Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Protected Health Information (PHI), Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality Best Practices In 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted to provide individuals with protections and rights regarding their health information (CDC, 2018). HIPAA establishes guidelines for the secure use and disclosure of Protected Health Information (PHI) by organizations handling health data. PHI refers to information concerning an individual’s past, present, or future physical or mental health, generated by healthcare providers, health plans, employers, public health authorities, or other entities. This includes identifiable data such as names, Social Security numbers, birth dates, addresses, account numbers, clinical data, and diagnoses (HIPAA, 2018). Summary of PHI Laws The HIPAA Security Rule requires that covered entities implement measures to protect electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI), setting national standards for safeguarding this data from unauthorized access, misuse, or exposure (Gatehouse, 2020). If unprotected PHI is compromised, the HIPAA Breach Notification Rule mandates that affected individuals be notified and, in some cases, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the media must be informed (Heath et al., 2021). Furthermore, the HIPAA Enforcement Rule outlines procedures for HHS to investigate violations and enforce penalties on entities that fail to comply. These penalties can include monetary fines, corrective actions, and legal sanctions (Moore & Frye, 2019). Best Practices for Privacy, Security, and Confidentiality HIPAA regulations provide a structured approach for multidisciplinary teams to secure ePHI, requiring organizations to implement appropriate safeguards to prevent unauthorized access or use. Additionally, these regulations empower HHS to take legal actions against non-compliant entities, ensuring that individuals retain control over their PHI. The legal framework emphasizes the importance of teamwork in safeguarding ePHI. The Importance of Interdisciplinary Collaboration Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for securing ePHI, as it facilitates coordinated efforts among diverse stakeholders to comply with privacy and security regulations. A team that includes a privacy officer, IT staff, legal counsel, and health information management specialists can significantly enhance a healthcare organization’s ability to protect ePHI. These teams are instrumental in establishing policies and procedures, such as implementing access controls and encryption methods to safeguard sensitive data. Additionally, they play a vital role in developing response strategies for potential data breaches (Beckmann et al., 2021). Evidence-Based Strategies to Mitigate Risks for Patients and Healthcare Staff Organizations can employ evidence-based practices to mitigate risks associated with the use of social media, which can involve sensitive ePHI (Health, 2022). Recommended strategies include: Developing a social media policy with clear guidelines for engaging with patients and sharing health information. Using HIPAA-compliant and encrypted communication tools to maintain data security. Educating staff on the risks of social media and the importance of protecting private health information. Monitoring social media platforms for unauthorized disclosures and ensuring compliance. Restricting access to sensitive health information to authorized personnel only. Implementing strong authentication processes for accessing sensitive data. Regularly updating best practices and protocols to ensure the protection of private health information. Effective Staff Training for Interprofessional Teams Healthcare professionals are responsible for securing patient data privacy, particularly when using social media platforms (Arigo et al., 2018). Medical staff must adhere to patient confidentiality and established guidelines when engaging on social media. Key recommendations include refraining from discussing patient health or treatment, avoiding the posting of identifiable patient information, and not requesting or sharing patient details through social media channels. Table: Best Practice Areas Best Practice Area Description Example Strategies Protected Health Information (PHI) HIPAA guidelines outline the use and protection of identifiable health information collected or created by health-related entities (HIPAA, 2018). Keep names, addresses, Social Security numbers, clinical details, and account numbers confidential and secure. Interdisciplinary Collaboration Different health professionals work together to ensure ePHI security and compliance with laws (Beckmann et al., 2021). Assemble a team of privacy officers, IT staff, legal experts, and health management specialists to create policies, procedures, and response plans. Social Media Policy and Training Develop a policy and train staff to manage ePHI securely on social media platforms (Arigo et al., 2018; Health, 2022). Ensure social media communications are HIPAA-compliant, educate staff on safeguarding sensitive information, monitor accounts for unauthorized disclosures, and use authentication methods for data access. References Almaghrabi, N. S., & Bugis, B. A. (2022). Patient confidentiality of electronic health records: A recent review of the Saudi literature. Dr. Sulaiman al Habib Medical Journal, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44229-022-00016-9 Basil, N. N., Ambe, S., Ekhator, C., & Fonkem, E. (2022). Health records database and inherent security concerns: A review of the literature. Cureus, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30168 HIPAA Journal. (2023, February). HIPAA social media rules – updated 2023. https://www.hipaajournal.com/hipaa-social-media/ Javaid, D. M., Haleem, Prof. A., Singh, D. R. P., & Suman, D. R. (2023). Towards insighting cybersecurity for healthcare domains: A comprehensive review of recent practices and trends. Cyber Security and Applications, 1(100016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csa.2023.100016 Kerr, H., Booth, R., & Jackson, K. (2020). Exploring the characteristics and behaviors of nurses who have attained microcelebrity status on Instagram: Content analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e16540. https://doi.org/10.2196/16540 Capella 4040 Assessment 2 Protected Health Information PHI Privacy Security and Confidentiality Best Practice Vos, J. F. J., Boonstra, A., Kooistra, A., Seelen, M., & van Offenbeek, M. (2020). The influence of electronic health record use on collaboration among medical specialties. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 676. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05542-6 Vukusic Rukavina, T., Viskic, J., Machala Poplasen, L., Relic, D., Marelic, M., Jokic, D., & Sedak, K. (2020). Dangers and benefits of social media on e-professionalism of healthcare professionals: Scoping review (preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(11). https://doi.org/10.2196/25770 Yeo, L. H., & Banfield, J. (2022). Human factors in electronic health records cybersecurity breach: An exploratory analysis. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 19(Spring), 1i. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9123525/ Capella 4040 Assessment 2 Protected Health Information PHI Privacy Security and Confidentiality Best Practice

Capella 4040 Assessment 3 Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4040 Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Evidence-Based Proposal and Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing Rapidly growing medical technology and the availability of cutting-edge monitoring tools have improved patients’ health. Patient sensor devices have resulted in significant advances in healthcare, including disease management. The use of patient sensor devices in medical facilities improves nursing practice. This annotated bibliography examines current peer-reviewed articles exhibiting the impact of patient sensor devices on clinical practices and interprofessional teams.  Introduction to the Selected Technology Topic Wearable patient sensor devices are an essential component of contemporary medical care, offering ongoing surveillance and data gathering to improve outcomes. These gadgets can track crucial health indicators like cardiac rate, blood pressure, sugar levels, and oxygen saturation (Anikwe et al., 2022). I chose patient sensors and wearable technology because they are essential for evaluation, ongoing surveillance, and medical practice. It reduces medical costs by mitigating complications. I searched databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. Keywords used for relevant articles are: “Remote patient monitoring technology,” “Impact of patient sensor devices on medical practices,” and “Sensor devices and patient safety.” To identify the credibility of research resources, the CRAAP (Currency, Relevance, Accuracy, Authority, and Purpose) criteria are applied. According to the CRAAP, the reviews chosen are current and pertinent, with authors with clinical expertise offering valuable information (Muis et al., 2022). Annotated Bibliography De, D., Sahar Borna, Maniaci, M. J., Coffey, J. D., Haider, C. R., Demaerschalk, B. M., & Forte, A. J. (2024). Economic perspective of the use of wearables in health care: A systematic review. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health, 2(3), 299-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcpdig.2024.05.003 The review found that telemedicine, specifically wearable devices and sensor technology, produced significant advances in illness management when compared to conventional care. The goal of this article is to provide a summary of the economic impact of monitoring devices and wearable sensors for diseases like diabetes. These technologies enable caregivers to collect, document, and assess patients’ medical data and vital signs remotely.  It leads to a significant boost in illness control. Portable gadgets, peripheral devices, and other equipment can be used to conduct remote monitoring simultaneously. They are essential for monitoring disease development or exacerbation by recording vital markers. It is also crucial to adopt preventive care to minimize illness progression and hospital stays. The introduction of wireless portable devices able to detect health indicators and other variables like mobility and level of sleep allows for more effective patient monitoring in medical facilities, improving patient convenience and outcomes. Wearable insulin injection technologies, like glucose detectors and insulin pumps, aid in better diabetes control. It improves patient outcomes and care quality in comparison to other therapies. Capella 4040 Assessment 3 Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing The authors stated that patient sensors and portable technologies are able to reduce medical expenditures, increase the availability of support and guidance, and alleviate adverse events. Lastly, these devices have provided nurses with capabilities to ensure patient safety and effective care. Successful integration and management of remote monitoring through devices requires interdisciplinary teamwork. This article is vital because it will assist stakeholders in estimating the cost involved with deploying patient sensing devices and wireless communication solutions in their organization.  Hilty, D. M., Armstrong, C. M., Edwards-Stewart, A., Gentry, M. T., Luxton, D. D., & Krupinski, E. A. (2021). Sensor, wearable, and remote patient monitoring competencies for clinical care and training: Scoping review. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 6, 252-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-020-00190-3 The author of this article discusses how patient sensors and wearable gadgets aid in remote monitoring to improve patient outcomes and care efficiency. Remote monitoring gathers data from sensors and other medical devices and transmits it to caregivers for evaluation and care decisions. It has been demonstrated that these tools enhance the detection and management of people with long-term health problems and boost patient safety. The author also made guidelines for properly integrating patient sensing devices in care systems.  Nurses must be technically trained and educated to effectively and safely transmit remote tracking information to a patient’s healthcare provider. Capella 4040 Assessment 3 Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing A remote monitoring intervention using a monitoring tool necessitates the use of effective tracking devices, medical personnel, and technicians. Efficient adoption of these tools into treatment necessitates a patient-centered paradigm. Professionals should have the necessary skills, information, and training to ensure moral and effective practice. This study is important for medical staff because it offers in-depth insights into how monitoring and sensor devices can transform medical operations, demonstrating the broad benefits of improving patient safety, the standard of care, and productivity in medical facilities. The article also emphasizes the significance of interdisciplinary teamwork in the adoption of patient monitoring devices to ensure optimal care. Kooij, L., Peters, G. M., Doggen, C. J., & van Harten, W. H. (2022). Remote continuous monitoring with wireless wearable sensors in clinical practice, nurses perspectives on factors affecting implementation: A qualitative study. BioMed Central Nursing, 21(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00832-2 The authors underscore the significance of patient monitoring devices and wearable sensors in medical care procedures. This review paper examines the factors affecting the integration of ongoing tracking through wireless portable devices and nurses’ encounters with the technology. Wireless, wearable sensors are telemedicine devices that significantly reduce assistance and care delivery times and enhance patient outcomes. It also lowers hospital stays and associated clinical costs. These devices remotely track a patient’s health metrics, such as pulse and breathing rate, and conduct behavioral checks, like drug adherence. Capella 4040 Assessment 3 Annotated Bibliography on Technology in Nursing It also helps to increase patient safety and mobility and minimize nurses’ work strain. The adoption of technology, such as monitoring devices, is influenced by technological, interpersonal, and organizational concerns. Technical factors include inadequate technology infrastructure and poor connectivity. Other factors include nursing viewpoints, technical competence, and eHealth literacy. It is important to involve stakeholders during the development and evaluation of the technology. Nurses’ abilities can be increased through education and training. Enhanced interaction and cooperation between patients and healthcare providers is crucial for successful remote monitoring intervention through monitoring devices. Interdisciplinary collaborative approaches that incorporate feedback with shared decision-making processes boost compliance rates. Key stakeholders, including nurses, must be included to ensure

Capella 4040 Assessment 1 Nursing Informatics in Health Care Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4040 Managing Health Information and Technology Prof. Name Date Nursing Informatics in Health Care In a medical setting, medication safety is a vital aspect of efficient medical services. Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) are a significant danger, causing recurring hospital stays and deaths. It accounts for 4.2% to 30% of all hospitalizations in the United States, with mortality and morbidity costing $30 to $130 billion annually (Sendekie et al., 2023). Several ADEs are avoidable with effective measures. This proposal calls for integrating a Nurse Informaticist (NI) within our medical institution to improve medication safety and minimize ADEs. Role of Nurse Informaticists Nursing informatics is the skill that blends the nursing field with diverse analytical and technological domains to identify, organize, and communicate data in clinical practice (Kleib et al., 2021). This field strives to enhance nursing practices and care provision, enabling medical professionals to make more informed decisions using informatics tools. In today’s healthcare systems, NI plays a diverse and critical function. NIs mediate between nursing staff and Information Technology (IT) sections, guaranteeing that technology meets the nurses’ needs and advances their practices. They perform an essential role in building, deploying, and refining medical data systems to fulfill healthcare demands and improve patient safety, standard of treatment, and workflow productivity (Johnson, 2024). NIs leverage Electronic Health Records (EHR) to improve workflow and medication security and mitigate ADE. They help to ensure that these systems work seamlessly, resulting in better communication and patient outcomes. NIs work as instructors to educate patients and nurses about tools, investigators, and administrators, cooperating with interdisciplinary teams to develop improved practices (Harerimana et al., 2022). In their instructional dimensions, NIs provide critical insights for pharmaceutical management. NIs design strategies to incorporate technology into safety measures, improving patient care. NIs play a vital part in improving medication safety and minimizing ADEs using various measures. Capella 4040 Assessment 1 Nursing Informatics in Health Care For example, NI uses specific medication management systems such as Electronic Medication Administration Records (eMAR) and aids nurses in managing drug administration (Owens et al., 2022). They also use Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) and Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) to integrate drug-drug interaction alerts directly into EHRs, which reduces ADEs (Van et al., 2020). Furthermore, NIs plan and manage databases to track prescription mistakes. These databases enable nurses to identify patterns, allowing targeted responses to improve patient safety. NIs use Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA) systems, which scan drug barcodes to ensure adequate drug management. By increasing patient safety through mistake avoidance, NIs using BCMA lower the likelihood of ADEs (Owens et al., 2022). The NI in our medical organization will enhance drug safety, lower ADEs, and improve medication delivery procedures by implementing eMARs and CDSS for drug warnings and interoperable medical data systems to facilitate reconciling medications. While their involvement is crucial, compliance with the American Nurses Association (ANA) guidelines is critical in using informatics to promote healthcare outcomes (Kleib et al., 2021).  Nurse Informaticists and Health Care Organizations Several medical facilities incorporate NI into the workforce and have reported favorable outcomes. For instance, New York-Presbyterian (NYP) has considerably impacted patient care standards and security. NI from New York-Presbyterian acknowledges her contributions by stating that their work with information tools like management systems has significantly impacted medical processes, optimizing the systems’ long-term impact (NYP, n.d.). Furthermore, these specialists improved clinical procedures and provided training and assistance to nursing personnel at the facility. However, multiple organizations face challenges, like reluctance to change, limited resources, and incorporating systems issues. NI has a positive role in medical organizations, fostering creativity, productivity, and excellence in healthcare delivery (Kleib et al., 2021). NI can employ medical technology to affect patient care, data management, operation, and financial elements of medical service delivery. NIs ensure patients receive safe and quality treatment by improving communication, documenting accurately, and providing prompt access to medical information, medication reconciliation tools, and management systems like eMAR (Ashawan & Sagar, 2020). This decreases ADEs by boosting pharmaceutical security procedures and enables proactive responses, improving patient care results. Capella 4040 Assessment 1 Nursing Informatics in Health Care  In collaboration with interprofessional teams like pharmacists, nurses, and physicians, NI promotes medication safety and limits the rate of ADEs. They collaborate with pharmacists to verify the accuracy of pharmaceutical prescriptions and dosages via computerized ordering systems. They also collaborate with physicians and pharmacists to track and revise drug inventories in eMARs, reducing errors. In collaboration with nurses, NI implements eMAR, CPOE, and CDSS systems to ensure the accurate delivery of medicines to patients. NIs promote safety and accountability through interdisciplinary teamwork by applying drug protocols and reducing ADEs. Shahmoradi et al. (2021), stated that CDSS improves patient care by making efficient medical decisions during drug distribution. Moreover, Karnehed et al. (2022), showed that the eMAR enhances drug administration accuracy by offering real-time data and security checks, thereby reducing ADEs. NIs cooperate with IT experts, executives, and data analysts to reduce ADEs. NIs collaborate with IT experts to create, implement, and improve management systems like EHR and eMAR, resulting in accurate medicine delivery, continuous tracking, and reduced ADEs. NI can effectively manage patient data privacy and confidentiality by working with executives and IT experts to adopt Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) such as authentication, encryption, and role-based access control procedures, with staff training and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliance. Capella 4040 Assessment 1 Nursing Informatics in Health Care Omotunde and Ahmed (2023), state that authentication, encryption, and role-based access controls limit system accessibility to authorized persons, reducing data breaches. Partnering with administrators helps to streamline processes and enhance resource distribution, which impacts the Return on Investment (ROI). EBP driven by NI can enhance technology adoption and ROI and aid in financial sustainability of medical facilities. Saxena et al. (2023), asserted that NI, using Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, manages and analyzes data, improving patient care and reducing healthcare costs.  Opportunities and Challenges By integrating NI, nurses can utilize advanced systems like EHR, BCMA, and CDSS to improve drug management and avoid ADEs. As Abebe et al. (2024), state, these advances deliver immediate notifications and drug reconciliation attributes, allowing physicians to make educated decisions, uncover errors, and respond quickly to pharmaceutical safety hazards. Furthermore, NI will provide efficient communication and data

Capella 4030 Assessment 4 Remote Collaboration and Evidence Based Care Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4030 Making Evidence-Based Decisions Prof. Name Date Remote Collaboration and Evidence-Based Care Salutations! I, _________, welcome to today’s presentation on collaboration and evidence-based care in remote care settings. This presentation focuses on a patient scenario related to gender dysphoria, where we will establish an evidence-based care plan to integrate healthcare services and reduce health disparities. Firstly, let me share a patient care scenario to offer a brief background of the presentation.  Background Scenario  A 25-year-old transgender male living in an underserved area with limited healthcare access was diagnosed with gender dysphoria following a behavioral health assessment. The patient articulated interest in receiving hormonal and surgical management for the health condition. Dr. Smith, who is the patient’s primary care provider, initiated a remote collaboration with a multidisciplinary team, including mental health experts, endocrinologists, surgeons, and registered nurses. The team supports the patient’s preferred treatment modalities; however, they accentuate the need for a more in-depth evaluation to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other conditions before deciding on the best hormonal and surgical treatment options.  Evidence-based Care Plan Proposal  An evidence-based is proposed to improve the safety and outcomes for the patient in this scenario, encompassing a multidisciplinary approach that prioritizes comprehensive assessment, patient-centered care, and coordinated follow-up.  The care plan begins with a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation (CPE) to confirm the diagnosis of gender dysphoria and exclude other conditions that might present similarly. Levine (2024) mentions that this in-depth evaluation helps ensure that the patient receives appropriate, individualized treatment, such as hormone therapy or surgery, while addressing any co-occurring mental health issues. This assessment evaluates the patient’s mental health history, current psychological state, and any symptoms of psychiatric disorders, ensuring a holistic approach to care.  After confirming the diagnosis, we aim to develop a personalized hormone replacement therapy (HRT) plan. Hormonal therapy involves administering hormones, such as testosterone or estrogen, to align the patient’s physical characteristics with their gender identity (Maung, 2024). This plan would be initiated and monitored by the endocrinologist, with regular check-ins to assess the patient’s response and adjust dosages as necessary.  Capella 4030 Assessment 4 Remote Collaboration and Evidence Based Care Simultaneously, the plan includes discussing surgical options in detail with the patient. It is crucial to assess the patient’s readiness for gender-affirming surgeries and ensure the patient understands the risks, benefits, and expected outcomes of each procedure (Amengual et al., 2022). This education is also integral to following ethical and legal requirements. Finally, the plan aims to include patient-centered support and education. Given the patient’s rural location and limited access to healthcare, telehealth services will be integrated into the care plan to provide ongoing support, education, and follow-up care. Telehealth can facilitate regular mental health counseling, HRT monitoring, and post-surgical care, ensuring the patient receives continuous care despite geographic barriers. Additionally, telehealth enables connecting patients with local transgender support groups to offer emotional support and help mitigate societal stigma and discrimination (Stoehr et al., 2021). Need for Further Information  Additional information could have been valuable in several areas in establishing a more patient-centered and precise care plan. First, more detailed data on the patient’s mental health history and any co-existing mental health conditions would help in tailoring the psychological support provided. Additionally, insight into the patient’s social support system, including family acceptance and community resources, would help in addressing potential psychosocial challenges. Finally, knowledge of local healthcare resources and the availability of telehealth infrastructure in the patient’s area would assist in planning effective follow-up care and support services (Stoehr et al., 2021). Evidence-Based Practice Model This evidence-based care plan is grounded in an evidence-based practice (EBP) model called the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) Model. It is a systematic approach designed to integrate the best available evidence into nursing practice to improve patient outcomes. The model emphasizes three key components: Practice Question, Evidence, and Translation (PET) (Dusin et al., 2023). In developing the care plan for gender dysphoria, the JHNEBP model was instrumental in ensuring that the plan was rooted in the best available evidence and aligned with patient-centered care principles.  The process began with formulating a specific practice question (Dusin et al., 2023). The question for this care plan was: How can we improve the safety and outcomes for a transgender male patient seeking gender-affirming care in a rural setting?  This question guided the subsequent evidence search, focusing on studies, clinical guidelines, and expert consensus on managing gender dysphoria, especially in rural or underserved populations (evidence phase).  Finally, in the translation phase, the evidence was applied to develop a multidisciplinary care plan that included detailed steps for assessment, treatment, and follow-up, additionally emphasizing the integration of telehealth services to overcome geographic barriers, ensuring continuity of care and patient safety (Stoehr et al., 2021). Assessing the Benefits to Patient Outcomes According to Churruca et al. (2021), monitoring patient-reported outcomes through surveys and questionnaires assists in evaluating the effectiveness of care and the benefits that it leaves on patients’ well-being. Measuring several metrics, such as the patient’s mental and physical well-being, satisfaction with care, adherence to treatment and medication plans, and availability of adequate healthcare services, will be crucial for assessing the benefits of our EBP care plan. Continuous monitoring and adjustment based on these evaluations would ensure the plan remains responsive to the patient’s evolving needs and contributes to optimal outcomes. Evaluation of Evidence for Making Care Plan The evidence-based care plan utilized several literature studies and clinical guidelines to ensure the plan is deeply rooted in research. Yet, the most relevant evidence collected for the care plan was Levine (2024), which discusses the importance of a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation (CPE) in diagnosing gender dysphoria. This evidence supports the intervention decided by the multidisciplinary team, which is crucial to accurately confirm the diagnosis before initiating any treatment. This literature study emphasizes addressing co-occurring mental health issues and ensuring individualized treatment, highlighting the foundational role of a thorough evaluation in providing effective and

Capella 4030 Assessment 3 Picot Questions and An Evidence Based Approach Name Capella university NURS-FPX 4030 Making Evidence-Based Decisions Prof. Name Date PICO (T) Questions and an Evidence-Based Approach Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, making it a critical focus for healthcare interventions. To improve patient outcomes through evidence-based practice, it is essential to gather credible, relevant, and trustworthy evidence for integration into clinical practices. Thus, a structured approach to clinical inquiry, such as the PICOT framework, will be beneficial. PICOT stands for Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time, and it helps formulate research questions that guide evidence-based practice (Hosseini et al., 2023). In this assessment, we apply this framework to inquire about the benefits of telehealth services in improving medication adherence among stroke patients, eventually enhancing patient outcomes.  Practice Issue to be Explored and PICO(T) Inquiry Patients encountering stroke are at high risk of developing medication non-adherence, leading to exacerbations, relapses, and poor disease control (Zeng et al., 2021). Thus, it has become a significant medical practice issue where providers strive to ensure that patients maintain medication adherence and engage in self-management practices to control further attacks. In the growing healthcare landscape and increasing disease burden, traditional in-person follow-up visits are insufficient for continuous monitoring, especially in elderly patients who face mobility challenges or other barriers to accessing care. Therefore, this paper explores the use of telehealth services to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population. In patients who have suffered a cerebrovascular attack (stroke) (Population), does the use of telehealth for monitoring and follow-up (Intervention), compared to in-person follow-up visits (Comparison), improve medication adherence and disease control (Outcome)?  Benefit of Using the PICO(T) Framework  Exploring this practice issue through the PICOT approach allows for a structured and focused investigation that can lead to evidence-based interventions. The PICOT framework breaks down the research question into specific components, making it easier to identify relevant evidence and compare the effectiveness of different interventions (Hosseini et al., 2023). By applying this approach, healthcare providers can systematically evaluate the importance of evidence-based interventions in managing post-stroke patients. Ultimately, this can inform clinical guidelines and improve patient outcomes by promoting strategies that are proven to be effective in controlling the disease and reducing the risk of recurrence. Sources of Evidence and Rationale/Criteria Several online sources, including databases, journals, and websites, are capable of answering the PICOT question regarding the effectiveness of telehealth services versus in-person follow-up for medication adherence and disease control in stroke patients.  Databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PubMed.  Journals: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare and the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.  Authoritative Website: The American Stroke Association (ASA).  The Rationale for Selecting These Sources  The selected sources are capable of answering the PICOT question due to their focus on high-quality, peer-reviewed research and evidence-based guidelines. Additionally, these sources provide information that abides by the CRAAP criteria (currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose). According to Oermann et al. (2021), among other databases, CINAHL and PubMed are acknowledged for their comprehensive coverage of healthcare-related topics. Therefore, these databases are crucial to accessing literature studies that directly examine the impact of telehealth on chronic disease management, including stroke. Simultaneously, the Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare explicitly focuses on telehealth, making it an invaluable resource for understanding the nuances of remote patient monitoring and follow-up care. Similarly, the Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases provides insights into the latest research on stroke management, ensuring that the information is both current and relevant. Finally, the authoritative website of ASA offers reliable guidelines, which are essential for supporting clinical decisions based on the latest evidence (American Stroke Association, n.d.). These sources collectively provide a robust foundation for exploring the efficacy of telehealth in improving post-stroke outcomes, directly addressing the PICOT question. Findings from the Literature  Several scholarly studies support the PICOT inquiry by elaborating on the effectiveness of telehealth and remote monitoring applications compared to standard in-person visits in improving medication adherence, addressing disparities, and enhancing health outcomes for post-stroke patients.  A literature review by Choi et al. (2023) concludes that telemedicine and mobile health applications are beneficial for stroke patients with minimal medication adherence. The study showed a substantial improvement of 37% compared to the control group with usual care. These interventions not only improve medication compliance but are also proven to reduce blood pressure and remain a cost-effective stroke management strategy.  Another literature review shows that compared to the patients who received the usual care, the individuals who were treated using mHealth technology had a better understanding of medication use and adherence. However, this study further mentions the effectiveness of instant messaging features compared to telephonic call intervention in significantly augmenting adherence rates (Zeng et al., 2021).  Sharrief et al. (2023) discuss how telehealth services address healthcare disparities for stroke patients. According to this study, these post-discharge telehealth visits reduce care barriers, such as transportation issues associated with in-person visits. Moreover, these services are crucial for preventing stroke readmissions by guaranteeing adherence to medication and treatment plans. Finally, these interventions also promote easy and accessible follow-up care, ensuring timely interventions.  Capella 4030 Assessment 3 Picot Questions and An Evidence Based Approach Among the sources mentioned, the most credible are the literature reviews by Choi et al. (2023) and Zeng et al. (2021). These peer-reviewed articles are rigorously examined, ensuring the accuracy, objectivity, and reliability of the research. Choi et al. (2023) are particularly credible due to their comprehensive analysis that demonstrates the efficacy of telemedicine in 37% improvement in medication adherence, underscoring its significance to integration in clinical practice. Similarly, Zeng et al. (2021) also present credible evidence, especially in their comparison of different telehealth modalities (instant messaging versus telephonic calls). This comparison provides precise guidelines for healthcare professionals to optimize telehealth interventions. Decision-Making on PICO Question  Based on these findings, the decision to implement telehealth interventions for monitoring medication adherence and disease control in stroke patients is strongly supported. The study by Choi